Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Environmental Sanitation
الإصلاح البيئى, Every family has the right to a…
-
Every family has the right to a sanitary, safe home. Healthy housing is characterized by:
-
Freedom from accidental injury hazards (fire, electricity, chemicals).
-
Sanitary means for collection, storage, and disposal of all waste.
-
-
-
Environmental Sanitation:The identification of both positive and negative factors in the environment that may affect human beings.
Housingالاسكان
Ventilationالتهويه
Lightingالاضاءة
Water purificationتنقيه المياه
Solid waste (refuse)النفايات الصلبه
Waste water (sewage)مياه الصرف الصحى
Vector controlمكافحه ناقلات الامراض
Food sanitationسلامه الغذاء
Air pollution occurs due to foreign materials in the air, from either Man-made or Natural sources (fires, winds, volcanic eruptions).
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide, and lead: Produced by motor vehicle exhaust.
Sulfur oxide: Produced by burning coal, fuel, and natural gases.
Hydrocarbon: Produced by incomplete burning of fuel in cars and factories.
Using filters and high chimneys.
Using sulfur-free or lead-free fuel.
Monitoring pollutant movements and concentrations
-
-
Natural (sunlight) and Artificial (electricity, candles, oil lamps).
Increases strain, produces fatigue, and leads to accidents.
Strong concentration sources can also cause fatigue and eye strain.
Surface water: Rivers and streams (e.g., The Nile in Egypt).
Underground: Springs and wells (main source for rural areas).
Rain water: Considered pure distilled water.
Distilled seawater: Used on ships and in some coastal localities.
Physical: Odorless, colorless, clear, and has an agreeable taste.
Chemical: Neutral or slightly alkaline, no nitrites, and metals within standard limits.
Coagulation: Adding chemicals (alum or iron chloride) to form "flock." اضافه الشبه
Sedimentation: Letting flock settle for 2–6 hours.الترسيب
Filtration: Passing water through layers of gravel and sand.الترشيح
Disinfecting: Using chlorine to kill germs.
Examination: Laboratory testing of samples.
Garbage: Food wastes.
Rubbish: Tins, paper, glass, etc.
Burning.
Dumping.الالقاء
Sanitary Landfills:المدافن الصحيه The least expensive method; waste is spread, compacted, and covered with soil daily.
Biochemical fermentation: For animal/plant waste to enrich soil.
Crushing & Compaction: Making solid bricks.
Recycling: For paper, bottles, and plastic.
Decomposition by heat: Producing "char" to be used as fuel.
Insects: Mosquitoes, flies, fleas, cockroaches, and bed bugs.
Arachnids: Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites.
Environmental sanitation and cleanliness.
Control of breeding places.تدمير أماكن التكاثر
Application of insecticides.
Proper disposal of garbage and food waste.
Destroying Rats by: Trapping, poisoning, or ultrasonic waves.