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Lipids (Fats & Oils) - Coggle Diagram
Lipids (Fats & Oils)
About
Energy-rich molecules used as a major storage
form of energy in the body
Made of glycerol + fatty acids. Lipid molecules differ based on types of fatty acids attached.
Basic unit = 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids → Triglyceride.
Fats = solid lipids, Oils = liquid lipids.
Provides more energy than carbohydrates
Our body needs in moderate amount
Functions
Provide more energy than carbohydrates (9 kcal/g vs 4 kcal/g)
Insulation → form an insulating layer under the skin to prevent heat loss.
Long-term energy storage.
Protect organs by forming a cushioning layer.
Help absorb fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E & K.
Form cell membranes and some hormones.
Add taste and texture to food.
Types & Sources
Saturated Fats (Unhealthy fats)
Found in -
Animal fats (fatty meats, poultry fats and skins)
Dairy products (butter, cheeses, milk, ice cream)
Also in some plant fats: coconut oil, palm oil.
Solid at room temperature.
Eating too much increases risk of heart disease.
Unsaturated Fats (Healthy fats)
Monounsaturated fats
Found in:
Plant-based foods (avocado, olives,
various nuts)
Oils (olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oils)
Liquid at room temperature.
Healthy for the heart.
Polyunsaturated fats
Types
(Essential fatty acids - Body cannot produce (omega-3, omega-6).
Found in: Oils - Sunflower oil, corn oil, soybean oil
Nuts & Seeds - Chia seeds, walnuts, flax seeds
Fish - (salmon, tuna,sardines)
Non-essential fatty acids - Body can produce from essential fats
Liquid at room temperature.
Helps in brain function, heart health and reducing inflammation
Trans Fats (Unhealthy fats)
Found in:
Fast foods (deep-fried foods, margarine)
Processed snacks (packaged cookies, sweets)
Formed when oils are artificially hydrogenated. Behaves like saturated; very unhealthy
Increases bad cholesterol (LDL), hence should be avoided.
Ethanol Emulsion Test
Crush the food sample and place it in a dry test tube.
Add ethanol ( about 2 cm³ above the level of the sample) and shake well to dissolve any fats present.
Allow the mixture to settle for 1–3 minutes so solid particles sink.
Decant (pour off) the clear ethanol solution into a new test tube.
Add water gently to the ethanol.
Observe the appearance: Cloudy white / milky emulsion → Lipids present. Clear solution → No lipids
