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Electron-pair sharing reactions (R3.4) - Coggle Diagram
Electron-pair sharing reactions (R3.4)
Examples
Electrophilic addition
CH₂=CH₂ + Br₂ → BrCH₂–CH₂Br
Heterolytic fission example
R–X → R⁺ + X⁻
Nucleophilic substitution
CH₃CH₂Br + OH⁻ → CH₃CH₂OH + Br⁻
Notation & fission
Curly arrows
movement of electron pairs
Heterolytic fission
bond breaks and both electrons go to one atom
produces cation + anion
Species (actors)
Electrophiles (electron-pair acceptors)
examples: H⁺, Br₂, HBr, BF₃, CH₃⁺
Electrophilic addition
attacks / accepts e⁻ pair
Substrate / Leaving group
substrate = R–X; leaving group = X⁻
out of Nucleophilic substitution
leaves (takes e⁻ pair)
Nucleophiles (electron-pair donors)
examples: OH⁻, H₂O, NH₃, CN⁻
Nucleophilic substitution
attacks / donates e⁻ pair
Mechanisms
Electrophilic addition
E⁺ adds to C=C
Substrate
attacks / bonds to
Nucleophilic substitution
Nu:⁻ replaces X
Alkene (substrate)
attacks π cloud