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L9 Cancer chemotherapy - Coggle Diagram
L9 Cancer chemotherapy
Antimetabolites
Methotrexate (MTX)
Folic acid antagonist
Binds to active site of dihydrofolate reductase
Inhibits dUMP -> dTMP conversion
Blocks DNA synthesis in cancer cells
Kills cells in S phase
Cycle-specific drug
Leucovorin
Drug to increase MTX selectivity for cancer cells only
Less toxic to normal cells
Methylene THF analog
5-fluoro uracil (5-FU)
Converted to 5-F-dUMP
Binds irreversibly to thymidylate synthetase
No further synthesis of dTMP
No DNA synthesis
Cell death
Alkylating agents
Covalent modification of nucleic acid & protein
Cross linking
DNA
Block DNA replication
Prod. reactive alkylating carbonium ion
Blocks guanine residue synthesis
Cyclophosphamide
Non-cell cycle specific
Usually late G/S phase
Anthracycline
Inhibits DNA/RNA synthesis
E.g. doxorubicin
Binds to cell membrane
Redox cycling
Free radical secretion
SSB/DSB in DNA
Cardiotoxicity (Heart muscle damage) side effect
Microtubule disrupting agents
E.g. Vinca alkaloids
Binds to tubulin dimers during S phase
Prevents polymerization to form microtubules
Inhibit mitotic spindle formation
Cells arrested during metaphase
Cell cycle-specific
Tamoxifen
Estrogen antagonist
Prevents estrogen-induced tumor growth
Prevents binding of estrogen to intracellular receptor protein
No estrogen effect on cancer tissue growth
Cancer cells cannot be fed/grown
To treat breast cancer (sex hormone-related cancer)
Flutamide
Anti-androgen
For prostate cancer treatment
Target therapy
Based on distinguished parts between cancer & normal cells
Attacks specific regions
Change proteins only present in cancer cells
Inhibit angiogenesis (blood vessels made to feed tumors)
Trigger immune system to kill cancer cells
Carry toxins only to cancer cells
Detects/blocks cell division signals in cancer cells
Types
Angiogenesis inhibitor
Monoclonal antibody
Proteasome inhibitor
Buildup of unneeded proteins (no recycling)
Cell death
Signal transduction inhibtor