Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

British Literature since 1798, dropped image link - Coggle Diagram

- - - - "I think the new science fiction, which other people apart from myself are now beginning to write, is
        introverted, possibly pessimistic rather than optimistic, much less certain of its own territory. There's
        a tremendous confidence that radiates through all modern American science fiction of the period
        1930 to 1960; the certainty that science and technology can solve all problems. This is not the
        dominant form of science fiction now. I think science fiction is becoming something much more
        speculative, much less convinced about the magic of science and the moral authority of science.
        There's far more caution on the part of the new writers than there was" J.G. Ballard
      - literal apocalyptic dissolution
        
        Social structures and human psychology revolves
        
        Climate change
- - - - The utilitarian doctrine is, that happiness is desirable, and the only thing desirable, as an end; all other things being only desirable as means to that end.
    - - Labor Conditions
        
        •All of which meant cheaper luxury goods for the members of the upper class (very few of whom actually worked in any profession)
        
        •1847 Ten Hour Act, limited women and children under 18 to 10-hour work days
        
        •1842 Mines Act, banned boys under 10 and all girls and women from work in coalmines, banned boys younger than 15 from working heavy machinery
        
        •1836 Registration of Births, Deaths and Marriages, enabling factory inspectors to check the ages of children working in factories (only applicable in England and Wales)
        
        •1833 Factory Act, banning children from working in textile factories under the age of nine; from nine to thirteen they were limited to nine hours a day and 48 hours a week
        
        •No regulations regarding pay, workplace safety, or hours
        
        The Hands
        
        dehumanized, low-level factory workers in the industrial city of Coketown
        
        The capitalist mechanism and ideology, which devalues people solely based on their labor production, are reflected in the nickname "The Hands." These people live in poor conditions, while being mocked by the society that consumes the product of their labor--a society that enables and fortifies this behavior in the community by prioritizing unhealthy labor practices and building infrastructure and systems that monopolizes on this continuous work.
        
        Stephen Blackpool
        
        Who is he: A “Hand” (low-level worker) in Bounderby’s factory. Framed for theft and died in a ditch due to the environment of CokeTown
        
        His role in CokeTown
        
        Bounderby claims to be a self-made man and boastfully describes being abandoned by his mother as a young boy, and used this story as a way to manipulate the population and mistreat The Hands. However he was never raised poor.
        
        CokeTown
        
        Bounderby
        
        Gradgrinds
        
        Louisa: Gradgrind’s daughter, later Bounderby’s wife. Used by Thomas to enact his plans of robbery. Louisa cannot actively invoke her emotions or connect with others. Thus she marries Bounderby to please her father
        
        Thomas: Wealthy, retired merchant in Coketown, England; he later becomes a Member of Parliament.Father of Louisa and Tom. Lives on facts, Friends with Bounderby
        
        Thomas Jr.:Tom Gradgrind is revealed to have been consistently on the wrong side of the law and committing crimes with the help of Louisa (and the use of emotional manipulation). Tom has only been known to dignify the facts with his attention, and caring for others' emotions is illogical because it is not factual. Alongside this, he is groomed to be under Bounderby's mentorship, only learning about the capitalistic cog and how the Hands are beneath them. I believe it makes perfect sense why Tom became this extreme byproduct of Coketown--he was left unsatisfied with facts, and spent his life chasing a specific satisfaction that facts did not give him. He is rebelling against the system, while also being a product of the system, and reproducing the utilitarian social hierarchy of the system
      - Mechanization of human life
        
        Marriage
        
        Divorce granted by Parliament only for adultery. Wives could only initiate a divorce Bill if the adultery was compounded by life-threatening cruelty.
        
        Because of the high costs, only the wealthy could afford this method of ending a marriage.
        
        Our environment shapes how we interact with other aspects of our lives, and what we deem to be important or matter to us is a reflection of the environment we grow in. That said, I do believe Dickens' architectural choices for Coketown would have a significant effect on the city's population. If there has only been one type of infrastructure (that only reflected the work and fact culture in your society) or a specific ideology (the lack of whimsy or the overreliance on facts rather than humanism) presented to you, your entire life, due to your surroundings, you will only know of that mindset. The citizens of the hardest working part of Coketown have been taught from a young age that their responsibilities revolve around working in their community, and facts. Indoctrinating the students to not use their mind to wonder, allows for the people of Coketown to be unable to imagine a different life for themselves, while working as hard as they do allows for them to not have time to wonder or fancy anything. This method of indotrination allowed for the people of Coketown to work as a cog in the machine, while not being able to produce the mindset to question the conditions they are in--because Coketown wants you to believe they are laborers first, people second.