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Digital Sub-station - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Circuit Breaker (XCBR)
      - Time Over Current Protection (PTOC)
      - Power System Measurement (MMXU)
      - Generic APplication Logic (GApC)
  - - - XML file
      - ICD
        IED Capability Description
      - IID
        Instantiated IED Description
      - SCD
        System Configuration Description
    - - SCT
        System Configuration Tool
      - ICT
        IED Configuration Tool
- - - - ASDU
        (Application Service Data Unit)
        
        Type ID
        
        Monitoring
        
        M_SP_NA_1: Single Point Information (no time tag)
        
        M_DP_NA_1: Double Point Information
        
        M_ME_NA_1: Meas. value, normalized (no time tag)
        
        M_ME_NB_1: Meas. value, scaled
        
        M_ME_NC_1: Meas. value, short float
        
        Time‑tagged versions (e.g., M_SP_TB_1, M_ME_TD_1) include CP56Time2a.
        
        Commands
        
        C_SC_NA_1: Single command (e.g., trip/close)
        
        C_DC_NA_1: Double command
        
        C_SE_NA_1/…: Set‑point commands (normalized, scaled, float)
        
        Each with activation / deactivation / confirm COT sequences.
        
        Interrogations and control
        
        C_IC_NA_1: General interrogation
        
        C_CI_NA_1: Counter interrogation
        
        C_CS_NA_1: Clock synchronization
        
        C_RP_NA_1: Reset process command
        
        Cause of Transmission (COT)
        
        3: Spontaneous – a data change detected by RTU and sent without being asked.
        
        1, 2: Periodic / background scans (cyclic data).
        
        20: General interrogation (GI) activation
        
        21: GI confirmation
        
        22: GI termination
        
        6, 7: Activation / activation confirmation for commands.
        
        10: Remote command (control center issued).
        
        15: Clock synchronization.
        
        Common Address of ASDU (CA)
        
        Information Objects (IO)
      - I‑frames (Information frames)
        
        Carry ASDUs (measurements, indications, commands, events).
      - S‑frames (Supervisory frames)
        
        Used for flow control and acknowledgement (when no user data needs to be sent).
      - U‑frames (Unnumbered frames)
        
        Used for control of the link:
        STARTDT (start data transfer)
        STOPDT (stop data transfer)
        TESTFR (link test)
  - - - Link address (L‑address)
      - Application addresses inside ASDU
    - - Type ID
        
        Monitoring
        
        M_SP_NA_1: Single Point Information (no time tag)
        
        M_DP_NA_1: Double Point Information
        
        M_ME_NA_1: Meas. value, normalized (no time tag)
        
        M_ME_NB_1: Meas. value, scaled
        
        M_ME_NC_1: Meas. value, short float
        
        Time‑tagged versions (e.g., M_SP_TB_1, M_ME_TD_1) include CP56Time2a.
        
        Commands
        
        C_SC_NA_1: Single command (e.g., trip/close)
        
        C_DC_NA_1: Double command
        
        C_SE_NA_1/…: Set‑point commands (normalized, scaled, float)
        
        Each with activation / deactivation / confirm COT sequences.
        
        Interrogations and control
        
        C_IC_NA_1: General interrogation
        
        C_CI_NA_1: Counter interrogation
        
        C_CS_NA_1: Clock synchronization
        
        C_RP_NA_1: Reset process command
      - Cause of Transmission (COT)
        
        3: Spontaneous – a data change detected by RTU and sent without being asked.
        
        1, 2: Periodic / background scans (cyclic data).
        
        20: General interrogation (GI) activation
        
        21: GI confirmation
        
        22: GI termination
        
        6, 7: Activation / activation confirmation for commands.
        
        10: Remote command (control center issued).
        
        15: Clock synchronization.
      - Common Address of ASDU (CA)
      - Information Objects (IO)
    - - Polling
      - spontaneous
      - General Interrogation (GI)
      - Counter interrogation
    - - Layer-2
        
        Frame Formats
        
        Variable‑length Frame (primary data frame)
        
        Transparent/Special Frames
        
        Single‑character ACK (E5h)
        
        Fixed‑length Frame
        
        Control Field (Link Layer)
- - - - Tripping / Inter-locking functions
      - Event Driven / Time Critical
      - Multicast (Layer 2)
    - - Voltage / Current Samples
      - Process Bus Traffic
      - Multicast (Layer 2)