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EVEREST GEOGRAPHY, UNIVERSE, universe(part2) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - this hydrogen gas which is in form of large cloud is called nebula
      - this nebula eventually grows and develops into clumps of gas
        
        what is clumps of gas: and growing nebula is developed into clumps as gas
      - and tis clumps of gas grows into even more denser gaseuos body and gives rise to formation of stars
- - - - sun:
        
        sun is the central star of solar system
        
        and aslo known as father of solar system
    - - there are total 8 planets
      - mercury is the smallest planet as well as the nearest planet to sun
      - venus:
        
        venus is known as the earths twin due to its similar shape and siize to earth
        
        venus is known as hottest planet of sloar system because its atmosphere contains 90-95% of carbondioxide and aslo contains clouds of sulphuric acid both makes planet hottest
      - jupiter:
        
        jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system
        
        atmosphere of jupiter contains hydrogen, helium, methane and ammonia
        
        moons of jupiter are ganymede and europa
      - saturn
        
        saturn has highest no. of moons
      - pluto is a dwarf planet
      - usually what we know is all this planets rotates around sun in an axis
        
        the axix of venus and uranus is so great/ diff from other planets
        
        this the reason venus and uranus rotates opposite to the rotation of other planets
        
        earth and all other planets rotates around sun in anti clockwise direction
        
        but this venus and uranus rotates in clockwise direction around sun
      - division of planets
        
        inner planets or terrestrail planets
        
        the 1st 4 planets mercury, venus, earth and mars comes under inner planets
        
        outer planets or jovian planets
        
        last 4 planets jupiter, saturn, uranus and neptune falls here
      - earth:
        
        earth is the 5th largest planet in the solar system and thirs nearest to sun
        
        the earth is formed 4,500 million years ago but how its is formed exactly is unknown
        
        earth is known as blue planet
        
        since 1/3 of its surface is covered with water it uppers in blue colour from space
        
        so they termed it as blue planet
    - - moon is the only natural sattellite of earth
      - 2.moon usually rotates around earth on its axis caled orbit
        
        and the orbit point of moon that is nearest to earth is called perigee
        
        and the orbit point of moon which is farthest from earth is called apogee
      - to complete one revolution around earth it takes 28 days for moon
      - it takes same 28 days for moon to complete one roration around itself
- - - - its is said that some asteoroids revolve around sun in a path that takes them closer to earth
      - this as also have orbits and also known as minor planets
    - - and this asteoroid belt present in between mars and jupiter planets
  - - - and this kuiper belt is present beyond orbit of neptune
      - this kuiper belt is nothing but doughnut shaped belt that surrounds(or beyound of) orbit of neptune
  - - - similar phenomena happens in comets as well
  - - - and when they are vapourizing they turn into a streak of light and this streak of light is kown as meteor
      - as this meteors they appear as a streak of light in sky they are also called as shooting star
        
        but they are not really stars
        
        shooting star/ meteor are same nothing but streak of light in the sky caused due to meteoroids
  - - - means they wont convert into meteors/ shooting stars
    - - the meteoroids which falls on earths surface(by skipping meteor phe on atmo) are called meteorites
- - - - sun itself is made of bas so it eits gas particles only
      - this particles are either positively charge or negatively charged
      - this particles move away from sun in a very high speed and also known as solar winds
    - - here the particles are already charged and now earths magnetic feild is also charged in nature
      - this particles attracts with magnetic feild and moves towards either northern pole and southern pole
        
        and from this northern / southern poles only these particles enters into earths atmosphere
      - means here earth is restriecting the entry of particles from all direction and allows particles enter only through poles by using its magnetic feild
      - usually earth also wont support their entry, but only when solar winds are so high(means coronal mass ejection) auroras happen
    - - and the particles in our earths atmosphere are usually neutral, they not charged
      - when this particles interact with charged particles they too get charged as well
        
        and as a result gives us lightning effect nothing but auroras
- - - - means in overall 10%, 3% is alnd and 7% is water
    - - 2:3 in 5%
        
        means in 5%, 2% island and 3a5 is water
    - - 1:4 in 5%
        
        only 1% land and 4 % water
    - - aslo said as, in southern hemis there is large surface under water
        
        it says water content is more and land below water content is more
  - - - note decreases towards poles but not minimum at poles
      - yes min at poles only
  - - - 1.goldilocks zone means here temp are not too high or too low
      - instead temp are moderate and supports livelihood
    - - if too cold water exixts in solid/ ice form(not useful)
      - if too hot water evaporates and scarcity of water occurs
      - since moderate temp water exixts in liquid state
- - - - antarctic circle
        
        62 1/2 deg S
      - tropic of capricon
        
        23 1/2 deg S
      - tropic of cancer
        
        23 1/2 deg n
      - arctic circle
        
        62 1/2 degN
  - - - 90 on n.h, 90 on s.h and 1 equator
- - - - cycle of days and nights happens due to rotation of earth
      - change of seaons/ cycle of seasons happens due to rotation of earth
    - - it is said due to its inclination and rotation based on this inclined axis no. of days or nights different seasons are expereinced on earth
  - - - this 365 days are treated as 1 year
      - this 6 hours for every 4 years considered as day
        
        then comes 366 days
        
        known as leap year
        
        which means leap year also causes due to revolution of earth
  - - - when earth is closest to sun known as perihelion
    - - earth farthest to sun known as aphelion
- - - - internatinal date line - anti meridian 180 deg
- - - - in solar eclipse moon is in b/w sun and earth
        
        sun>moon>earth
      - sun light falls on moon , then moon produces certain shadow
        
        and in this shadow earth is present
      - its is said when moon pases in front of earth solar eclipse hapens
    - - 1.here moon is beyound/ back of earth
      - sun light falls on earth and earth produces certain shadow
        
        and in this shadow moon rotates
      - it is said when moon passes through earths shadow lunar eclipse occurs
- - - - 1.troposphere is the lowest layer of atmosphere
      - its average height is 13 km
        
        from poles tromis 8km
        
        from equator 18 km
      - importance
        
        in troposphere only all the climatic and weather changes takes placw
        
        2.99% of water vapour in whole atmosphere is present only in this troposphere
        
        3.normal lapse rate occurs in toposphere
        
        normal lapse rate means for evary 165 m of height the temp decrease by 1 degree c as we move above
        
        4.tropopause
        
        not a layer but a zone
        
        this tropopause is a zone that seperates troposphere and startosphere
    - - below tropause
      - height is 50 km
      - here air blows horizontally and is ideal for flying air crafts
      - at lower part of stratosphere we can experience polar jet streams and sub tropical jet streams
        
        these are nothing but fast flowing air currents/ strong wind
      - as we go above in this stratopshere the temp increases
    - - just above stratosphere
      - 2.height 80km
      - usually this layer is very cold in nature and there are no presence of green house gases
        
        if green house gases then high temp
      - as much as we keep going up the temp keep on decreasing in this layer
      - the meteor phenomena takes place here
      - the upper most portion of this mesosphere is known as mesopause
    - - just above mesopause
      - 2.from 80 km - 400km this ionosphere is extended
      - in ionosphere we can see electrically charged particles which are responsible for auroras
        
        means auroras usually occur in ionosphere
      - the radioactive waves transmitted by earth are reflected by this layer only
      - in ionosphere the temp keep on increasing as we go upwards
    - - outermost layer of atmosphere
      - at this layer gases are very very less present(but not zero/ not no gas zone)
        
        usually low dense gases like hydrogen and helium enters into this exophere
        
        and in this exophere there is no required gravitational pull to hold this gases
        
        as a result from this layer they escape into space