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ENG45C, Langston Hughes - Coggle Diagram

- - - - instability
        
        The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
  - - - “The Dead” by James Joyce
        
        The other characters at the party "attack" Gabriel because of his lack of Irish nationalism as he says, "I'm sick of my country." This is because Joyce himself was skeptical of revivalism/Irish nationalism. This is also seen in his "goloshes." I like to believe Gabriel does some reflecting in the end after listening to his wife speak–what is his epiphany? There is also the odd sexual narration present here. For style: Uncle Charles Principle!
      - Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
        
        Similar to The Sound and the Fury as Caddy's brothers try to appear idyllic, Okonkwo strives so hard to be a strong leader, which leads to his downfall.
      - W. B. Yeats
        
        I honeslty think you could argue that almost all of Yeat's poems deal with his relationship to Ireland and England. Like Leda = Ireland and the swan = Britian.
        
        “Easter, 1916”
        
        “The Second Coming”
        
        “Leda and the Swan”
        
        This is read as a pretty sensual poem as well though.
        
        “Sailing to Byzantium”
        
        “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”
        
        freedom, escape, reminiscence
    - - The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
        
        In this short story, James creates a spooky setting with apparitions (ghosts). The story ends with Miles dying in the governesses arms in an unsettling way. Also corrupt characters. James is very vague about what the "evil" is.
      - "The Man of the Crowd” by Edgar Allan Poe
        
        Poe creates an eerie feeling to the reader with the language he chooses to describe the setting (ex. street lamps) in and how the main narrator moves. It gives off the impression that the narrator is "the man of the crowd" because he is sitting and watching. At one point the narrator says the stranger is the dubious one yet the narrator is the one following and stalking the stranger. He is the mystery. Poe references death, fog, crime, and other sensory details that add to the "mystery setting." We are experiencing what the narrator is experiencing as well because it is in first-person pov.
    - - [see suicide death/section]
  - - - point of view
        
        unnamed narrators
        
        “Bartleby, the Scrivener” by Herman Melville
        
        The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
        
        Both the protagonists of these story are unnamed but rather referred to by their profession; the "lawyer" and the "governess." I think this has to do with the fact the it adds to their ambiguity (especially for the governess) and their own lack of inaction (particularly the lawyer as a sort of "everyman" character). Dare I also say that they become like who they in ways fear? (The lawyer starts to "prefer" to talk like Bartleby and the governess is alluded to being the real evil that she is scared getting to the children.)
        
        POEMS
        
        Not only do poems have to be read in a different way as their form calls for, but it is important when they are unnamed. For example in the Red Wheel Barrow, it doesn't really matter who the person is describing the scene, all that matters is the red wheelbarrow sitting there and what that means. For "Let America Be America Again" it is more of a collective speaking rather than just one narrator (or author).
        
        William Carlos Williams
        
        “To Elsie”
        
        “Spring and All”*
        
        “The Red Wheelbarrow”
        
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        “This Is Just to Say”
        
        His had a particular form too that he stuck (the variable foot) and was also experimental with his poems. His poems sound like someone giving a speech.
        
        These are almost the same.
        
        not really 'met' charactors
        
        The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
        
        We never get to 'meet' Caddy like we get to 'meet' her brothers. While we learn more about them from reading their sections of the novel, the only things we learn about her are through other characters (like her brothers). This was a decision by Faulkner that is debated because why didn't he make the last section (or include a part) narrated by Caddy? She is so central to the story, like the rest of these characters yet in some ways we know the least about them.
        
        Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
        
        Both of these stories would not have happened had the stranger or Godot existed, yet, even though the stories are dependent on these characters, we never meet them or hear from them. This ties into the idea Mrs. Dalloway first brought up about a fundamental breach between individuals.
        
        "The Man of the Crowd” by Edgar Allan Poe
        
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      - Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
        
        This is the most evident use of these styles of writing and it was untraditional of Woolf to do this. Since she is writing this way, it may seem that parts of the story are unnecessary, but really it is highly crafted and each moment comes into meaning. It took a lot of orchestration to create the (conscious) flow. Time is also warped in human thought, but it designed that way here. The way Woolf choreographed so many perspectives adds to Clarissa's overall character too because otherwise readers might have found her slightly insufferable (collective perspective). It also explains theme of universally not knowing each other because you can't truly know what someone thinks about you – I would've included a section about names, but I'm getting a bit confused myself.
        
        [see also modernity section]
  - - - Talent must be worked for, it isn't inherited.
      - “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”
        
        Passage of, not only, time, but, and space is explored.
    - - So funny because part of his advice is to be clear and not flowery is any way, yet most of the texts we read were difficult to read and included so many small details but that's what adds to their value. “Don't use images as ornament, it's not decorative!–Image itself is the speech.”
      - “In a Station of the Metro”
        
        Short, but can be read in so many different ways (like all poems, and like all texts depending on the context you are given).
- - - - [see free indirect discourse/stream of consciousness section]
      - There is a connection between these two as well because both the narrator and Clarissa seem to desire connection (after feeling alone) and find that in crowds/big cities.
- - - - The only mention of death is Gabriel's wife childhood friend, but the idea takes hold of the itle and the story's ending resolution.
    - - The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner
        
        The central idea of the story follows the decline of the Compson family. Much of their decline is due to instability, much like how Benjy freaks out if they take a different route to church one that he is not used to (stable with), each character freaks out when their idea of stability (whether that be Caddy's purity or holding up the ideal southern values) each character slowly loses it. Caddy runs away, their mom becomes ill-er, Jason be becomes obsessed with female Quentin (Caddy's daughter), and (brother) Quentin commits suicide. What helps portray their levels of decline is the way Faulkner chose to write each section. Quentin's in the most fragmented and discombobulating, which reflects his mental state. Only Disley's section is in the third person which is something to note. Her's is the least confusing section (Jason's is also pretty linear), possibly because she isn't blood related but she is included because she has been part of the family for so long. Each section also jumps between moments of time which has a disorienting effect on the reader.
      - Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett
        
        Vladimir and Estragon toy with the idea of committing suicide by hanging themselves from the tree. They don't end up doing it (and it begs the question of if they even really considered doing it) but it helps convey comedy in the play as well as the whole notion that the two are "killing time." The idea of passing time is ironic too because time passing is what kills us eventually too. I think this has a deeper meaning relatin to Vladimir and Estragon waiting for Godot, because part of why they don't hang themselves is because they have a purpose, a future (meeting) to look forward to.
      - Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf
        
        Septimus is directly correlated to Clarissa (both have features of birds is just one example of the parallels between the two), as he dies she becomes more alive as she realizes she is at her party. Septimus has PTSD from the war and we watch (read) as he slowly disintegrates (as Clarissa assembles) – this is able to be expresses through help of the writing style Woolf chose. [see below green section]
      - Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe
        
        The deaths in this novel play a significant role, both in the plot of the story but the culture within the novel as well. The two that come to my mind first are when Okonkwo is banished for seven years after accidentally killing a boy. This changed the setting and led to key aspects of the other characters changing just as his son. Then, Okonkwo's own suicide which ends the book because the book ends with the Commissioner talking about writing about his story reducing him to just a paragraph and then a sentence, yet, the commissioner himself only is given a paragraph. note: In Bartleby, it also mention's writing about his life! (pg 1)
    - - Janie had a lot of death and loss in her life, but in some ways it made her grow into her own person. We also witnessed her realize self-consciousness and be independent from her husbands without losing the ability to care. (Which could relate to post-war hardships!)
- - - - Their Eyes Were Watching God by Zora Neale Hurston
        
        The lines of the novel involving the Pear Tree are very erotic, even the beat of them. It shows a mental escape and sexual freedom/awakening for Janie as she becomes a desiring being ("lust for life").
      - The Turn of the Screw by Henry James
        
        This also connects to the sensuality some of the works had because of the suspicious relationship between the governess and Miles. At times she seemed (to want to be) more than just a caregiver. She took a possessive (ownership) over Miles. (The sexuality of (the innocence of) children.)
      - POEMS
        
        [see Yeats area]
    - - H. D.
        
        “Oread”*
        
        “Sea Rose”
        
        “Eurydice”
        
        Her poems spoke a lot about the ocean in relation to time which is fitting for the class because water is a constantly moving object (even if it appears still) and time was always relevant during the course. Like Williams, it seemed colors played a large role too. There is also an element of erotic language although her poems are nonreferential.