Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
(Digital Twin as Disruptive Technology) - Coggle Diagram
Digital Twin as Disruptive Technology
Cardiology
Automotive
Smart Cities
DIGITAL TWIN STACK
Physical / Sensor Layer, (Ar, 2013)
IoT sensors (ECG, imaging devices, vehicle sensors, traffic, HVAC) (Ar, 2011)
Data Integration & Storage Layer
FHIR/HL7 (healthcare), CAN/FlexRay (automotive), BIM/SCADA (cities)
Encryption, hashing, provenance, timestamping
Model / Simulation Layer
Cardiovascular models
Vehicle cyber-range models
City-scale models
Control & Actuation Layer
Closed-loop control (dosing, braking, building control)
Automated response playbooks
User, Governance & IAM Layer
Zero-trust segmentation
RBAC/ABAC for clinicians, engineers, city operators
Human error, insider threats, misconfigurations
ENABLING CYBERSECURITY AFFORDANCES
High-Fidelity Threat Detection
Behavioural baselines
AI anomaly detection across domains
Integrity & Data Security by Design
End-to-end encryption
Blockchain logs
Hardware root of trust
Identity & Access Management (Zero-Trust)
MFA for twin access
Secure API access for external agents
Segmentation across devices, operators, suppliers
how can we grantee comptability between installing devices and my digital twin platform ?
Cloud–Edge Hybrid Security
Edge pre-processing; cloud analytics
Consistent policy enforcement
Edge resilience when disconnected
System Resilience & Forensics
Replay cyber-incidents in the twin
Validate patches in the simulation
Train SOC/NOC/OEM/clinical teams
CONSTRAINING AFFORDANCES / RISKS
Expanded Attack Surface
More endpoints: sensors, gateways, APIs, simulation systems
Privacy & Ethical Risks (Cardiology)
Patient-specific cardiac twin data
Re-identification through simulation outputs
Model Poisoning & Adversarial Twins
Manipulated training data hiding malicious patterns
Adversarial ML affecting clinical/vehicle safety
Governance Complexity
Multi-stakeholder: hospitals, OEMs, city authorities
No unified cybersecurity standards
DOMAIN-SPECIFIC CYBERSECURITY AFFORDANCES
Cardiology / Healthcare
Personalised models of heart, ECG, imaging
Secure treatment simulation and monitoring
High-value ransomware target
Automotive / Connected Vehicles
Virtual TARA (Threat Analysis & Risk Assessment)
OTA testing via vehicle twin
Fleet-wide behaviour modelling
Smart Cities / BIM / Infrastructure
Traffic + energy + emergency-response integration
Cascading failure mapping
System-of-systems vulnerabilities
Cross-Domain Insights
Strengths: simulation, anomaly detection, resilience
Shared risks: privacy, governance, model tampering
FUTURE RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Standardised certification for digital twin cybersecurity
Formal threat models for multi-domain twins
Autonomous vs human-in-the-loop cyber defence