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Microbiology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - protein
      - nucleic acid
    - - glycoproteins
      - lipid membrane
    - - helical
      - icosahedral
      - spherical
      - complex
  - - - human viruses
        
        human virome
        
        all the viruses w/in a human body
- - - - germ theory of fermentation
        
        disproved spontaneous generation of microbes
        
        organisms like maggots, mice, frogs + agents of food spoilage spontaneously generated from life force present in inanimate objects
        
        disproved by Louis Pasteur in his swan-necked flask experiment
        
        Pasteurisation
        
        avoiding spoilage of milk + wine
        
        avoiding illness as a result of drinking these
        
        theory of abiogenesis
        
        showed some microbes = anaerobic
    - - symbiosis
        
        angler fish providing nutrition to bioluminescent bacteria in its lure, light attracts prey, fish eats prey
  - - - bacteria systems used to uptake + express new genes been studied
        
        green glowing cats w/ FIV resistance
      - Robert Koch
        
        developed lab methods for growing microbes
        
        potato slices
        
        founded laboratory microbiology
        
        agar media
        
        Petri dishes
        
        established link between single microbe + specific disease
        
        Koch's Postulates
        
        microbe must be present in every case of the disease, especially in lesions
        
        microbe must be isolated from an individual case + grown in axenic culture
        
        disease must be reproduced when the pure culture is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host
        
        same microbe should be able to be re-isolated from the infected host + grown in laboratory culture
        
        confirms cause + effect link between microbes + disease
        
        anthrax in cattle caused by Bacillus anthracis in 1876
        
        tuberculosis in humans caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1882
    - - natural fluorescence of bacteria has been harvested
- - - - rod
        
        bacilli (pl), bacillus (s)
        
        giving rise to Bacillus genus
        
        many other rods exist however, so use term "rod"
      - sphere
        
        cocci (pl), coccus (s)
        
        clumps = staphylococci
        
        pairs = diplococci
        
        chains = streptococci
        
        division planes + cell arrangements
        
        division along same plane forms diplococci
        
        4-20 chains = streptococci
        
        division along 2 different planes = tetrads
        
        division along 3 planes regularly = sarcinae
        
        division along 3 planes irregularly = staphylococci
  - - - cytosol
      - nuclei
      - ribosomes
      - cytoplasmic membrane
      - cell wall
        
        gram +ve
        
        teichoic acid
        
        lipopolysaccharide = not associated w/
        
        purple
        
        crystal violet-iodide complex responsible
        
        gram -ve
        
        no teichoic acid
        
        lipopolysaccharide
        
        endotoxin
        
        outer membrane component
        
        made of: O specific polysaccharide, core polysaccharide + lipid A
    - - pilus/fimbria
      - flagellum
        
        multiple flagella around the whole cell
        
        peritichous
      - plasmid
      - granule
      - capsule/glycocalyx
        
        found in some bacteria
        
        outside cell wall
        
        well defined = capsule
        
        less defined = slime layer
        
        usually a single polysaccharide
        
        can help to identify species/strain
      - spore
        
        e.g. Clostridium botulinum