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Lecture 11 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - one of the most dictatorial countries in the world
    - - A lack of slavery
        
        there is evidence that there is correlation betweel less slave export and more development
        
        the mechanism why is uncerstain
        
        lack of trust?
      - State Legitimacy
        
        Poerre Englebert
        
        continuity between the pre colonial to the colonial to the post colonial is needed for the state to be seen as legitimate
      - Islands
        
        having bad neighbors
        
        colonized earlier than other areas
        
        longer periods of colonization have better developmetn today
        
        more intermerrgie which leads to better treatment
      - Natural Resources
        
        oil, dimonds
      - another potential explenaations
        
        demcracz
        
        better heathl
        
        more education
        
        foreign aid
        
        ethnic diversitz
  - - - the most rapidly growing country in the world
    - - worlds largest producer in terms of value
        
        high growth due to these export
        
        BUT
        
        diamonds are only found after independence - after the institutions have been founded
        
        these dimonds are the type where you need state infrastructure investment to profit from it
        
        state has a monopoly over this resource
        
        how come that elites were able to give up access to diamonds and power?
        
        these elites own cattle and export it - if they step down from politics they do not lose weath bc they have access to it from another source
        
        because of the interests of the elites in export of cattle they didnt let their currency to become ovrervaluated
    - - historically africa was a low conflict continent
        
        if you didnt like a chief you could leave
        
        chiefs couldnt expolite people that much bc they would leave
        
        plus botswana is a low population density country
      - Long history of private property over cattle
        
        although some other coutnries like Rwanda had that too and were very poor for very long
      - British Colonialism
        
        Boers - settlers who took over SA ad wanted to take over Botswana too
        
        common enemy bringing tribal unity
      - weak colonial administration by the british but they did protect them from the Boers
    - - most of the population Tswana
        
        enthic homogenity
    - - highest rate of urbanization in the world since 1950s
        
        important to develop common national identity
        
        especially rise in urbanization in the 1980s
  - - - everuyone thought they aregoing to fail
    - - total feritlity rate declines from 6.2 to 3 between 1973 - 1963
- - - - poblem with data as well
    - - President Barre did many good reforms
        
        political stability, unity among population
    - - economic lack of structural transformation
        
        from agriculture towards industyr
        
        never happened
        
        not much export, investment of added value
      - somalia invades neighnbour Ethiopia
        
        1977
        
        failed attempt
        
        he loses popularity
        
        guns were now in the streets because he had to miolitarize the population
        
        ends up bobing his own population before being overthorwn
        
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