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Ecology Part 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - The number of individuals per unit area or volume.
    - - The pattern of spacing among individuals within the boundaries of a population.
    - - A sampling technique used to estimate the size of animal populations.
    - - The influx of new individuals into a population from other areas.
    - - The movement of individuals out of a population.
    - - A behavior in which an animal defends a bounded physical space against encroachment by other individuals, usually of its own species.
    - - The study of changes over time in the vital statistics of populations, especially birth rates and death rates.
    - - A summary of the age-specific survival and reproductive rates of individuals in a population.
    - - A group of individuals of the same age in a population.
    - - A plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality.
  - - - Growth of a population in an ideal, unlimited environment, represented by a J-shaped curve when population size is plotted over time.
    - - (r) In population models, the per capita rate at which an exponentially growing population increases in size at each instant in time.
    - - The maximum population size that can be supported by the available resources, symbolized as K.
    - - Population growth that levels off as population size approaches carrying capacity.
  - - - The traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival.
    - - Reproduction in which an organism produces all of its offspring in a single event; also called big-bang reproduction.
    - - Reproduction in which adults produce offspring over many years; also called repeated reproduction.
    - - Selection for life history traits that are sensitive to population density.
    - - Selection for life history traits that maximize reproductive success in uncrowded environments.
  - - - Referring to any characteristic that is not affected by population density.
    - - Referring to any characteristic that varies with population density.
    - - The study of how complex interactions between biotic and abiotic factors influence variations in population size.
    - - A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration.
- - - - A group of spatially separated populations of one species that interact through immigration and emigration.
    - - A negative-negative interaction that occurs when individuals of different species both use a resource that limits the survival and reproduction of each species.
    - - The concept that when populations of two similar species compete for the same limited resources, one population will use the resources more efficiently and have a reproductive advantage that will eventually lead to the elimination of the other population.
    - - The sum of a species’ use of the biotic and abiotic resources in its environment.
    - - The division of environmental resources by coexisting species such that the niche of each species differs by one or more significant factors from the niches of all coexisting species.
    - - The tendency for characteristics to be more divergent in sympatric populations of two species than in allopatric populations of the same two species.
    - - A positive-negative ecological interaction in which individuals of one species benefit by feeding on (and thereby harming) individuals of the other species. Exploitative interactions include predation, herbivory, and parasitism.
    - - An interaction in which an individual of one species, the predator, kills and eats an individual of the other species, the prey.
    - - The bright warning coloration of many animals with effective physical or chemical defenses.
    - - Camouflage that makes a potential prey difficult to spot against its background.
    - - A type of mimicry in which a harmless species resembles an unpalatable or harmful species to which it is not closely related.
    - - Reciprocal mimicry by two unpalatable species.
    - - Endoparasites
      - Ectoparasites
    - - A postive-positive or positive-neutral ecological interaction between individuals of two species in which at least one individual benefits and neither is harmed; positive interactions include mutualism and commensalism.