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LAS 101 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Javier Zamora wrote this book in the eyes of a nine-year-old boy (himself) to show the readers the different circumstances and struggles he went through while getting to the U.S. for a better life. He at first lost contact with his parents, then his grandfather, when he got on the boat, so he practically had to start a new family. The conditions were not easy at all. On page 91 of the book, Javier gets into the bed of a truck while a Coyote sits in the cab. As they get in, they are told the road might be bumpy. Javier then goes on to tell us how cold it is and that the back of the truck is grooved, so it hurts when he is sitting down. As readers, we have to remember that this is a nine-year-old kid traveling with people he just met so that he could have a better life.
    - - Josué's main reason for leaving is because of the gang violence that he has experienced, and he wants a better life for himself. This is another case where he didn't really have a choice.
        He had an experience with the Chicos where they asked, "When are you going to join the gang? You'll have money, women, guns, drugs, whatever you want!" and then he tells us, "Something in their eyes told me that if I wanted to be a good person, I shouldn't go with them." He just wants a better and successful life.
- - - - Vasconcelos talks a lot about the cosmic race and how the future race is formed by the mixing of Indigenous, European, African, and Asian.
        "In conjunction, all of this was to indicate that by means of the threefold law, we in America, before any other part of the globe, shall achieve the creation of a race composed of the treasures of all earlier races: the ultimate race, the cosmic race." (89-90)
    - - "During the export years, every Latin American Government had made it a tenet of national policy to seek European immigration and 'whiten' their national populations." (1/38)
        Afro-Latin Americans gain things like voting power and access to education.
  - - - The article talks about how Afro-Brazilian YouTubers are using social media to take action and show the world what police violence and racism are going on that the actual mainstream media will not.
        "These YouTubers are confronting, through social media, narratives that Brazil is a racial democracy and that discrimination is based solely on class rather than multiple identities such as class, sexuality, and racial identity."
  - - - The mole symbolizes the indigenous people being invisible under colonial systems, and the Lion shows its dominance over the indigenous people. The mole can survive because it is not scared. Almost in the same way, the indigenous people use a strategy.
  - - - In this Chapter, it is clear to see that Pope Francis centers the poor, the socially excluded, and the working class. The Pope's Latin American background is the reason he tries to place the poor at the center of resistance against neoliberal systems.
        "He has repeatedly pointed out the costs of globalization and unfettered markets: they can harm human relationships, human communities and cultures, and the natural world."
    - - Pope Francis strives to help the poor people of Latin America make a change. He wants to help them in any way possible, and one of those ways is the three L's. Land, Labor, and Lodging.
        "I accompany you wholeheartedly on this journey. From our hearts let us stay together: No family without housing, no farmworker without land, no worker without rights no one without the dignity that work provides." (pg. 97)
- - - - Gender roles are thought to be state-constructed 'tradition'. The difference between an ideal man is that the ideal man is the breadwinner, and the ideal woman is meant to be a homemaker.
        "They believed it was the natural right of men with wealth or professional status to exercise political authority."
    - - The music video rejects all social norms of women, and we can see how Tokischa and Rosalia bring in street culture to the video, where there are multiple women surrounded by cop cars on the street. (1:05)
    - - Bad Bunny believes that Latin trap is built on hypermasculine performance. He will wear almost anything to prove that, like nail polish and drag.
        "Drawing from the extravagant and eccentric camp aesthetics, Bad Bunny makes visible the artificiality of the hypermasculine performance that characterizes the mainstream celebrities in Latin trap music." (pg. 88)
    - - The song Yo Perro Sola challenges all traditional machismo.
        "Bad Bunny's performance in Yo Perro Sola serves as a counterhegemonic portrayal to traditional gender roles."
        Bad Bunny is seen in drag and chained up. He is trying to show that there is a cultural change.
  - - - From what Sahagún mentioned during our visit to the art gallery, most of his art centers on his family and the culture around them. Both portraits of his mom and dad had small details that reflected his identity. That being from Chicago, being religious, and his Hispanic roots.
        "Sahahún Nuño simultaneously signals his religious upbringing and turns to the holy protection of the saints whose sole purpose is to aid mixed-race Mexican immigrants."
    - - The piece of art by GGP showcases a couple in a cage being treated almost like animals because they are showcasing how they used to dress and look. It is putting out an image that people used to dress like this, and people should not be treated as caged animals.
    - - The performance by Susana Cook uses a theatrical performance to show how religious and cultural institutions support oppression.
  - - - The entire documentary showcased how reggaeton had such an uprising through many different ways. There were times when music turned illegal because of the explicit lyrics or video. The documentation also showcased how, as the years went on, more and more women got involved.
    - - “It’s about Time We Talk about Rosalía & Latinidad”
        
        The article talked about how Latinidad is not a fixed identity. People are arguing that "Rosalía is not Latinx," which is true because she is from Spain. But her music is widely listened to across to Latin American community.
      - Reddit thread: “Is Rosalia doing it right or is she colonizing?”
        
        One Reddit user stated, "Rosalia is continuing the history of white people literally stealing music and keeping the money."
        As we can see, some people do not think that she is a part of the Latin American Culture.
    - - The Podcast talks about how reggaeton is not just about music, it is apart of many Puerto Ricans core identity.
        "The point is that reggaeton was present in almost every corner of Puerto Rico." (Lisette)
    - - At the time stamp of 0:45, we can see Bad Bunny in a woman's dress with breasts. He is challenging the traditional machismo idea in reggaeton while promoting the female body.
    - - Ivy Queen is dancing throughout the whole music video and is showcasing the fact that women can dance without men being all around them or having a man desire them.
        (1:25-1:30)
    - - In Latin America, Bichote means "powerful male boss." But in Karol G's song "Bichota," it shows how she is a strong woman, hence the shot at 16 seconds where she is at the head of the table.
    - - The music video shows Villano Antillano In different trans outfits. And her goal for the video is to showcase empowerment and challenge misogyny.
        We can see that at the time stamp 0:45 where she is in a white dress and red hair.
    - - The podcast talks about how Quecha is evolving and how it is not something that is just staying in the past and is still a part of Latin Culture.
        Quechua is usually only heard in traditional music, but to listen to it in another genre of music, like pop, it sounds really good (27:08-27:20)
    - - Throughout the podcast, the hosts are comparing different songs like Despacito and "I Like It." In the podcast at 11:00, the host says he likes the song "I Like It and says it teeters on the edge of being a little too campy and tokenizing. Something about the song made it work so well.
        It sounds like modern artists reworking an old song.
- - - - Dependency Theory becomes a thing
        
        Latin America is stuck at the bottom while other countries succeed
        
        The United States took advantage of Latin America
        
        -"In Europe and the United States, the industrial bourgeoisie made a very different kind of entrance onto the stage of history, and grew and consolidated its power in quite a different way."(214)
    - - Potosí: The Silver City that Changed the World
        Luis Capoche, Relación General de la Villa Imperial de Potosí (1585)
        
        The Spanish took over the mines, and the indigenous people stayed poor and worked all the time
        "The Indians reach the exit sweating and breathless, robbed of heat."
      - Chapter 1 from Jane Mangan’s book, Trading Roles Gender, Ethnicity, and the Urban Economy in Colonial Postoí (Prof. Mangan’s guest lecture)
        
        Potosí was discovered by the Spanish and was developed (Colonized) because of silver mining
        "In the end, the tale of discovery plays out ominously for native Andeans, as the economic advantage passes to Spanish masters." (pg 2/15)
    - - The main reason plantations existed was for profit, and the people who owned them usually didn't live on the property. It is practically its own mini colony. There was also no care for the enslaved.
        "Saint Domingue colonists put more care and effort into overseeing their slaves than do the English or Dutch"
        "He receives 10 percent of the plantation's revenue. He only goes outside during the cool hours ... He gives orders to the slave drivers, punishes, lashes the blacks at will."
  - - - Micaela Bastidas was tried by the Spanish, and the reason is because of the Tupac Amaru II rebellion. The trial is also to try and reassert colonial authority and scare the indigenous people. Her execution was also very brutal.
        "As a cruel, violent and 'monstrous' woman who went to extremes to help her rebel husband fight abusive Spanish colonial authorities, using fear and threats of violence to coerce the unwilling into fighting for rebel cause." (pg 37)
    - - The Spanish used forced confessions out of Micaela for their own benefit and showed how powerful the Spanish colonial state was. The trail was meant to strike fear.
        "She was then asked again and again; and she said that she did not know anything else, and that the truth under the oath that she had sworn."
        It did not matter what she had said, the Spanish had made up their mind.