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ecology part 2 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - number of idividuals per area
      - changes with birth, death, immigration, emigration
    - - clumped - grouped patches
      - uniform - even spacing
      - random - unpredictible spacing
    - - life tables - age specific survival
      - survivorship curves
        
        type 1 - high early survival
        
        type 2 - constant death rate
        
        type 3 - many early deaths
  - - - equation : dN/dt=rN
      - J shaped curve
      - ideal conditions and unlimited resources
    - - max population enviorment supports
    - - equation : dN/dt = rN (K − N)/K
      - s shaped curve
      - growth slows near k
  - - - age of first reproduction
      - how often reproduction occurs
      - number of offspring
  - - - stronger effects at higher density
      - competition, disease, predication, territoriality
    - - effects unrelated to density
      - weather, natural disasters
- - - - limited resources
      - competative exclusion
      - niches
    - - predetor eats prey
      - prey defenses
      - warning color
    - - animals eats plants
    - - parasite harms host
    - - both benefit
    - - one benefits, no effect on the other
  - - - change communities
      - intermediate disturbance hypothesis - moderate disturbances - highest diversity
    - - primary - no soil
      - secondary - soil present
    - - species area relationship - larger area, more species
      - distance effect - closer area, more species from mainland
    - - disease causing organisms
      - can alter species abundance and community structure