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Science, Technology & Global Development R__8_-removebg-preview -…

- - - - 1.Traditional Society – Economy is based on subsistence agriculture, limited technology, and low productivity.
      - 2.Preconditions for Take-off – Investments in infrastructure and education begin to modernize the economy.
      - 3.Take-off – Rapid industrialization occurs in key sectors, driving sustained economic growth.
      - 4.Drive to Maturity – Economy diversifies, technology spreads, and growth becomes self-sustaining.
      - 5.Age of High Mass Consumption – Wealth rises, consumer goods proliferate, and standards of living improve.
  - - - Wealth became concentrated, increasing social inequality and public services were much weaker
- - - - or using small, controlled forest fires to reduce underbrush
- - - - 5.5.1 Environmental Impacts Awareness
        
        → Communities highlighted ecological consequences of dams
        
        → Provided data on river ecosystems, fisheries, and soil health
      - 5.5.2. Social Justice & Rights
        
        → Advocated for local rights, fair compensation, and participatory decision-making
        
        → Showed how grassroots activism can influence policy
- - - - 6.3.1. Community Engagement
        
        → Successful systems need user input on water usage and maintenance
        
        → Encouraged local ownership for sustainability
      - 6.3.2. Adaptation & Training
        
        → Reduces system failure and dependence on external experts
        
        → Training local personnel to repair and manage systems
- - - - By use: social media
      - Inherently political: Anti-homeless benches
- - - - 1. Problematisation → The focal actor defines a problem and positions itself as indispensable to solving it.
      - 2. Interessement → The focal actor locks others into roles, convincing them to accept the proposed solution or problem definition.
      - 3. Enrollment → The actors agree to roles and responsibilities, formalizing their participation.
      - 4. Mobilisation → Actors are activated to implement the solution, and spokespeople represent groups if needed.
  - - - 9.4.1.Local Knowledge Integration
        
        → Farmers’ traditional expertise guided sustainable harvesting practices
        
        → Ensured that innovations were culturally appropriate and ecologically viable
      - 9.4.2.Market & Policy Dynamics
        
        → Highlighted the importance of institutional support in scaling innovation
        
        → Government policies and NGO support influenced market access
- - - - Citation bias: papers authored by women receive fewer citations
- - - - Such as nanotechnology in China, where RRI failed as the public could not participate fully due to the socialist structure