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Learning (Chpt 7) - Coggle Diagram
Learning (Chpt 7)
Classical Conditioning - A type of learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus produces a response after being paried to a stimulus that natrually produces a response.
Unconditional Response - The response to US. EX - Addiction, hunger, the joy you wake up on pay day
Conditioned Stimulus - A neutral stimulus thats produces a response after being paired with the US. EX - Adding a clicker anytime your about to eat, get paid, or do drugs.
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Second-Order Conditioning : A type of learning where CS is paired with a new stimulus that becomes associated with the US, Creating the same CR
Extinction - The elimination of a learned response that occured when the CS has been repeatedly presented without the US
Spontaneous Recovery - The tendency of a learned behavior to recover from extinction after a rest period.
- The ability of the CS to eliminate CR was weakend but not eliminated.
Biological Preparedness - A propensity for learning particular kinds of association over other kinds.
- some behaviors are easy to condition in some species and in other not.
Unconditional Stimulus- Something that prouces a natrual reaction EX - Food, money, drugs, etc.
Conditioned response - The response thats produced by a conditioned stimulus. EX - Hearing the clicker creates a reaction to US even when no US is shown or needed.
Generalization - Tends to take place when CR is obsereved even though the new CS Is slightly different from the CS used during acquisition.
Conditioning generalizes to stimuli that is similar to the CS used during the original training.
- Organism demonstrate that it recognizes the similarity between orginigal CS and the new stimulus.
- Notices a difference between both stimulis.
< Shows Discrimination - The capacity to distinguish between similar but distinct stimuli.
Cue exposure therapy can help extinct the response to a drug.
CLASSICAL CONDITIOING.
- Cognitive Elements -
Occurs when a species has learned to set up an expectation.
CS Sets up an expectation
- Neural Elements -
Cerebellum is critical for eyeblink conditoning
Fear conditioning takes two components
1.Behavioral 2.physiological
- Evolutionary Elements -
Evolution & Natural Selection go hand in hand with adaptiveness; Behaviors that are adapted allow an organism to survive and thrive in its environment
Any species that consumes varity of food needs to develop a mechanism where it learns to avoid food that once made them ill.
CS EXAMPLES - VIsual, auditory, taste and smell.
US EXAMPLES ( Injection of a toxic substance, radiation.)
More facts -
- Fear could be learned, just like any other behavior.
- To extinguish Tramua individuals are repediloty exposed to CS to stop the conditioned fear response.
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What is learning ?
The acquisition, from expereince of new knowledge, skills, or responses that result in a relatively permanent chanfe in the state of the learner.
In other words - When you gain Knowledge or Skills from Expereince
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^ Habituation - When something is repeated your brain gets used to it over time which are the changes in the organism.
Explanation
- You learned the root of where a sound or visual is coming from.
- You brain begin to get used to it, changes in the organism activate. ( you dont get bothered by the noise anymore.)
- These factors will have a long-term affect
Sensitization - When presented with a stimulus leads to a response to a later stimulus similar or so to the first.
Operant Conditioning -
A type of learning where the consequences of behavior determine whether it will repeat that behavior in the future.
Law of Effect - The principle that behaviors are followed by satisfaction tend to be repeated. Those that produce an unplesent state are less likely to be repeated.
Instrumental behavior -Behavior that require an organism to do something (Solving a problem, manipulating elements within its environment.
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Operant Conditioning chamber / Skinner Box.
Allows research be done to study the behavior of small organism in a controlled environment.
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