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Disease and Epidemiology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ex: sewage-contaminated water
    - - Ex: well contaminated after rainfalls
    - - Ex: contaminated potato salad
- - - - Infected and transmits
    - - Infected with no symptoms
      - Still contagious
    - - NOT infected; transfers pathogen mechanically
      - Ex: health worker’s unwashed hands
  - - - Water
      - Air
      - Food
      - Food bars often use sneeze guards to prevent droplet contamination.
    - - Mechanical Vector:
        
        Carries pathogen externally
        
        Not infected
        
        Example: flies
      - Biological Vector:
        
        Infected; pathogen replicates inside
        
        Example: mosquitoes, ticks
    - - Droplet
        
        Coughs/sneezes <1 meter
      - Indirect (Fomites)
        
        Doorknobs, syringes, towels, keyboards
      - Direct
        
        Vertical → mother → child (pregnancy/birth/breastfeeding)
        
        Horizontal → person → person (sexual contact)
  - - - Ex: soil, water, blue jays, monkeys
    - - Definitive host – sexual reproduction
      - Intermediate host – immature stages or asexual replication