Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Signalling in Plants, Quick view, how do all the hormones move? - Coggle…
Signalling in Plants
General Terms
Proteinase Inhibitors
These are proteins that inhibit digestive proteins in herbivores, that cause to be ill and deters consumption
Signal transmission: the signal is not relayed off to another compound, the same chemical signal is transporting the signal over distances
Signal transduction: signal hand off from one compound to another causes some kind of reaction, or just the continuation of the signal being carried.
Secondary Metabolites
These are products that defend the plant. They are derived from building blocks of macromolecules (amino acids, lipids etc.) but are not used in growth.
-
-
-
-
-
Toxins
cocaine, nicotine, caffeine.
-
Herbivores
Systemin-Jasmonic Acid
Damage from the herbivore causes the release of the peptide hormone systemin, which travels via the xylem and phloem to the target cells, and binds to target cell recetors
Jasmonic acid is syntehsis in the cell as a result, and the jasmonic acid as a part of signal transduction, causes a pathway to continue until proteinase inhibitors (proteins themselves) to be produced. This is from chewing damage
-
Pathogens
Enter through wounds or stomata, and travel through the apoplastic pathways in the intercellular fluid.
Hypersensitive Response
The cell detects these pathogens, and first launches the HR (hypersensitive response) which is a rapid and localized response for defence against the pathogen. It includes programmed cell death in the area (brown necrotic spots)
Also includes stomatal closture, toxic molecules produced, cell walls reinforced, all with the goal of containing the pathogen at the infection site.
-
Stresses
The opening and closing of the stomata in response to drought (with Photoreceptor proteins and Abscisic Acid)
Presence of blue light stimulates photoreceptor proteins to activate H+-ATPase pumps, which pump protons out, and passively diffuse protons and anions in (the anions with a H+ contransporter), which causes the movement of K+ (despite being against concentration gradient, the electrical gradient is just too strong). This causes the movement of water into the guard cell.
-
The lack of water in the roots causes the synthesis and release of ABA to the leaves, which inhibits the H+-ATPase. The inhibition of H+-ATPase allows for the movement of anions out through ion channels, and the change in membrane potential causes the movement of K+ out. Water follows
Guard cell becomes flaccid, and stomata closes.
Quick view, how do all the hormones move?
Systemin (peptide, the only peptide we saw)
-
Gibberelins are lipids, and travel in the xylem as well as the phloem, this is the only hormone we worked with to do this
Gibbereleins are the start signal in seeds to grow (in favorable conditions), in drought ABA inhibit growth.
-
-