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Viruses & Bacteria - Coggle Diagram
Viruses & Bacteria
Viruses
Viruses- are smaller than bacteria
Is an infectious particle consisting of genes packaged in a protein coat
Consist of Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA, single stranded or double stranded)
Protein Coat- called a CAPSID, which are made of capsomeres, membrane-like envelope- made from host cell membrane (SOME) Non-living
Virus Enters Cell
Lytic Cycle- shorter duration OR more severe symptoms, results in death of the host cell (virulent phage- virus that only reproduces the lytic cycle)
Lysogenic Cycle- Longer duration & minimal/absent symptoms, they will go back to Lytic Cycle (severe symptoms), temperate phages- reproduces via lytic & lysogenic cycle
Prophage- when viral DNA is incorporated into host cell/DNA (temporary)
Prions- infectious proteins that appear to cause degenerative brain diseases in animals, they are incorrectly folded proteins, can be transmitted in food, act slowly, and virtually indestructible
CRISPR-CAS9- what's present in bacteria, clustered, regularly, interspaced, short, palindromic repeats
Bacteria
Bacteria is small, have prokaryotes, reproduce rapidly, undergo mutations, live in diverse environments, evolve quickly, have cell wall (peptidoglycan), contain a capsule (dense) & well-organized structure
Create Endospores- Inactive form of the bacteria when located in/on harsh conditions (keeps bacteria viable)
Shapes of Bacteria- Coccus (spherical), Bacillus (rod shaped), Spirillum (spiral)
Staph- Clumps/clusters Ex. Staphylococcus, Strep- Chains of
How Bacteria Transfer DNA
Conjugation- one bacteria donates DNA (F+) the other receives DNA (F-) they need to be in close proximity to each other (If F negative contains the allele for the F factor, the F negative cell will become F positive)
Transformation- bacteria can take in foreign DNA from the environment
Transduction- same as transformation & the 2 bacteria must be in close proximity
Gram Positive- lots of peptidoglycans, Gram Negative- less peptidoglycan (outer membrane) is more resistant to antibiotics