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Psychology revision - Coggle Diagram
Psychology revision
Non-Verbal Communication – Body Language
Closed posture = rejection
Open posture = acceptance
Postural echo = mimicry
Darwin’s Evolutionary Theory
Non-verbal behaviour is adaptive
Helps survival and reproduction
Behaviour shaped by natural selection
Yuki’s Study of Emoticons
Cultural differences in emotion perception
Japanese vs American students
Independent groups design
Non-Verbal Communication – Eye Contact
Part of non-verbal communication
Mutual gaze between individuals
Functions
Regulates conversation flow (Kendon)
Signals attraction (Conway et al.)
Expresses emotion (Adams & Kleck)
Human vs Animal communication
Animal communication functions
Territory (scent marking)
Reproduction (mating displays)
Survival (alarm calls)
Human communication properties
Displacement (talk about future)
Creativity (open system)
Multiple channels (speech, writing, sign)
Language and View of the World
Recall of events
Hopi (Whorf): different concept of time
Carmichael et al.: labels influence memory
colour recognition
Zuni (Brown & Lenneberg): fewer colour terms → poorer discrimination
Berinmo (Roberson et al.): language affects colour recall
Contradiction: Dani (Heider & Olivier)
Language and Thought
Piaget
thought comes before language; language depends on cognitive development
Sapir Whorf
language influences or determines thought
Animal Communication Study
Von Frisch – Bees
Round dance = near food
Waggle dance = distant food
Shows sophisticated but limited animal communication