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Viruses and bacteria - Coggle Diagram
Viruses and bacteria
Cell Structure
Cell Wall
Bacteria: peptidoglycan
Archaea: no peptidoglycan
Gram Stain
Gram-positive → thick peptidoglycan
Gram-negative → thin peptidoglycan + outer membrane
Capsule / Slime Layer
Protection
Adhesion
Prevents dehydration
Fimbriae
Attachment
Pili
DNA transfer
Flagella
Motion
Endospores
holds bacteria dna/RNA in harsh conditions
Metabolism
Obligate aerobes require oxygen to survive
Obligate anaerobes cannot live in oxygen and only survive without it.
facultative anaerobes can live with or without oxygen.
Photoautotrophs use light for energy and CO₂ for carbon.
Chemoautotrophs use chemicals for energy and CO₂ for carbon.
Photoheterotrophs use light for energy and organic compounds for carbon.
Chemoheterotrophs use chemicals for energy and organic compounds for carbon.
Virus structure
Genome
DNA or RNA
Single-stranded or double-stranded
Linear or circular
Capsid
Protein shell
Made of capsomeres
Envelope
Derived from host cell membranes
Contains viral + host molecules
prokaryote domains
Bacteria
Archaea
Single-celled
Genetic diversity
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Viruses
Intracellular organism
Cannot replicate without a host cell
Genes packed in a protein coat called a capsid
Types of Viruses
Bacteriophages
viruses that Infect bacteria
Head (DNA) + tail
Retroviruses
RNA genome
Use reverse transcriptase
RNA → DNA →
Replication
Entry
Host makes viral proteins
Phage Cycles
Lytic Cycle
Host cell destroyed
phages that use the lytic cycle are called Virulent phages
Lysogenic Cycle
Viral DNA integrates as prophage
phages that use the lysogenic cycle are called Temperate phages
Can later switch to lytic cycle
Defense
Bacterial Defenses
Restriction enzymes
CRISPR-Cas system