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chapter 19 & 27: viruses and bacteria., bacteria use binary fission to…
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bacteria use binary fission to reproduce. this is when one bacterium spontaneously becomes two and are genetically identical.
there are three ways to increase genetic diversity: transformation, transduction and conjugation.
transduction: a bacteriophage carries prokaryotic genes from one host to another. this has much closer proximity compared to transformation.
conjugation: an F+ bacterium transfers its DNA to an F- bacteria in a unilateral movement. if all DNA is transferred then that F- becomes F+. if it is only a partial transfer then then the F- becomes a Hfr: high frequency recombination.
transformation: a nonpathogenic bacterium takes in foreign DNA. if that DNA is harmful, then that bacterium becomes harmful.
the F factor. it stands for fertility. this means it has a sex pilus if it is F+. an F- bacteria does not have a sex pilus