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Chapter 19 & 27 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Viral envelopes: Accessory structure used to help infect host that surround the capsids of many viruses
  - - - Restriction Enzymes: Comes from bacteria and is how bacteria protect itself from viruses with methyl groups
  - - - Lytic Cycle: A phage replicative cycle that culminates in the death of the host cell
        
        Virulent Phage: Only reproduces by the lytic cycle
      - Replicates the phage genome without destroying the host
        
        Temperate phages: Uses both the lytic and lysogenic cycles
        
        Reverse Transcriptase: Enzymes in retrovirus that converts RNA to RNA
- - - - Archea: Polysaccharide + Protein
      - Bacteria: Peptidoglycan
        
        Peptidoglycan: A Network of sugar polymers cross-linked by polypeptides
        
        Exotoxins: Proteins secreted by bacteria that cause disease
        
        Endotoxins: Released when the bacteria die and their walls breakdown
  - - - Taxis: The ability to move toward or away a certain stimulus
  - - - Plasmids: Smaller rings of duplicating independent DNA
        
        Binary Fission: Asexual Reproduction of bacteria
        
        Genetic Diversity
        
        Transduction: Close proximity, touching
        
        Conjugation: F+ bacteria transfers F- (Unilateral motion)
        
        F Factor(Fertility)
        
        F+: Has sex pilli
        
        F-: Lacks sex pili
        
        HFR: If F+ gives a small portion it becomes F+ and F-
        
        Transformation: When a nonpathogenic bacterium takes a foreign DNA, If DNA is pathogenic, the Bacteria becomes Harmful