Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

STYLE IN ENGLISH GRAMMAR - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Important information → end
      - Given / known info → beginning
      - Clause order changes emphasis
    - - Unusual position → strong emphasis
      - Fronting:
        
        Objects
        
        Complements
        
        Adverbials
      - Negative adverbials → inversion
    - - There + be
      - Focus on existence
      - Useful with new subjects
    - - Highlight one element
      - It-cleft, Wh-cleft
    - - Interrupt main clause
      - Marked by commas / intonation
      - Add comment or emphasis
- - - - Longer / heavier elements → end
      - Avoid heavy subjects
      - Use extraposition (It is…)
    - - Wrong position → ambiguity
      - Fix by:
        
        Reordering
        
        Rephrasing
    - - Overuse reduces clarity
      - Replace with:
        
        Verbs
        
        Adjectives
      - Avoid long “fact-phrases”
    - - Too many modifiers → confusion
      - Use prepositions for clarity
    - - Too many clauses → overload
      - Improve by:
        
        Splitting sentences
        
        Using non-finite clauses
- - - - Coordinated units must match:
        
        Clause + clause
        
        NP + NP
      - Shows balance & contrast
    - - Avoid similar-sounding words
      - Improves readability
    - - Antecedent must be clear
      - Avoid vague or implied reference
    - - Pronouns agree in:
        
        Number
        
        Person
      - Keep viewpoint consistent
    - - Avoid unnecessary tense shifts
      - Maintain logical timeline
- - - - Multiple modifiers → confusion
      - Clarify relations with:
        
        prepositions
        
        restructuring
    - - Excessive subordination = overload
      - Improve by:
        
        splitting sentences
        
        using non-finite clauses
- - - - Coordinated units must match
      - Applies to:
        
        clauses
        
        phrases
        
        comparisons
      - Improves balance & coherence
    - - Pronoun ↔ clear antecedent
      - Avoid:
        
        vague reference
        
        implied antecedents
    - - Agreement in:
        
        number
        
        person
      - Maintain consistent perspective
    - - Logical time sequence
      - Avoid unnecessary tense shifts
- - - - grammatical awareness
      - reader orientation
      - control over emphasis
    - - guides reader attention
      - avoids ambiguity
      - balances complexity & clarity