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WORD CLASSES (Nelson & Greenbaum, 2016) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Noun
      - Main Verb
      - Adjective
      - Adverb➡️ New words easily added
    - - Pronoun
      - Determiner
      - Auxiliary Verb
      - Conjunction
      - Preposition➡️ Rarely admit new words
- - - - play (noun / verb)
      - that (pronoun / determiner / conjunction)
    - - Homophones (same sound)
      - Homographs (same spelling)
- - - - -tion, -er, -ism, -ity, -ment, -ness
    - - Proper vs Common
      - Concrete vs Abstract
      - Count vs Non-count
    - - Singular / Plural
      - Regular plurals (-s / -es)
      - Irregular plurals (men, mice, children)
    - - No grammatical gender
      - Gender shown via pronouns (he/she/it)
    - - Common case
      - Genitive case (’s / of)
    - - Dependent genitive (John’s book)
      - Independent genitive (John’s)
      - Double genitive (a friend of John’s)
- - - - -ate, -en, -ify, -ise / -ize
    - - Base
      - -s form
      - -ing form
      - -ed form
    - - 7 classes
      - Principal parts:
        
        base
        
        past
        
        past participle
- - - - Primary auxiliaries: be, have, do
      - Modal auxiliaries: can, may, must, etc.
      - Semi-auxiliaries: have to, going to
    - - Passive (be + -ed)
      - Progressive (be + -ing)
      - Perfect (have + -ed)
      - Dummy do
    - - Obligation
      - Ability
      - Permission
      - Possibility
      - Certainty
- - - - -able, -al, -ful, -less, -ous, -ive, etc.
    - - Attributive
      - Predicative
      - Central adjectives
    - - Positive
      - Comparative
      - Superlative
      - Regular vs irregular forms
- - - - Verbs
      - Adjectives
      - Other adverbs