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الماضي التام - The Past Perfect Tense - Coggle Diagram
الماضي التام - The Past Perfect Tense
التكوين – FORM
النفي / Negative
Subj. الفاعل + hadn’t + P.P. Mum hadn’t prepared lunch by midday.
السؤال بهل / Yes/No Q.
Had + subj. + p.p.? Had he done the shopping before returning home?
الإثبات / Affirmative
Subj. الفاعل + had+ pp - He had done the shopping before returning home.
السؤال بأداة استفهام / Wh-, Q.
Q.W. + had + subj. + p.p.? - What had he done before returning home?
المبني للمجهول / Passive
Obj. + had + been + p.p.? - I had done the shopping before I went home. (معلوم) - The shopping had been done (by me) before I went home. (مجهول)
Time Clauses العبارات الزمنية
by the time
By the time the train arrived, the passengers had waited for an hour.
(ماضي بسيط + ماضي تام)
before
I had finished my homework before my mother came.
(ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط)
after
I had eaten my lunch after the lesson ended.
(ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط)
as soon as\ once — بمجرد أن
As soon as she had finished the exam, she left the room.
(ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط)
when — عندما
When I reached school, the bell had already rung.
(ماضي بسيط + ماضي تام)
the moment — في اللحظة التي
The moment I had opened the door, the dog ran outside.
(ماضي تام + ماضي بسيط)
It wasn’t until — لم يكن إلا بعد
It wasn’t until I had read the book that I realized the message.
(ماضي تام بعد until + ماضي بسيط بعد that)
It was only when — فقط عندما
It was only when he apologized that I understood the truth.
(ماضي تام بعد when + ماضي بسيط بعد that)
نقاط هامة على الروابط
ظروف بتيجي مع الماضي التام بتكون بمعني (لم يكد ... حتي)
subj. + had + no sooner + P.P. …. + than + past simple ماضي بسيط
subj. + had + hardly/scarcely/barely + P.P. … + when/before + past simple ماضي بسيط
I had no sooner finished the report than I gave it to the secretary.
I had scarcely finished the report when/before I gave it to the secretary.
No sooner + had + subj. + p.p. …. + than + past simple ماضي بسيط
Hardly/Scarcely/Barely + had + subj. + p.p. …. + when/before + past simple ماضي بسيط
No sooner had I finished the report than I gave it to the secretary.
Hardly had I finished the report when/before I gave it to the secretary.
بيجي معاها تصريف تالت لو الجملة في المعلوم having + p.p. لو في المجهول بتكون having + been + p.p. Having slept for eight hours, I started to feel energetic. Having been punished, he didn’t come late again.
Till- Untill
Past Simple ماضي بسيط (منفي غالباً) + until/till حتي/لغاية + past perfect ماضي تام
I didn’t watch TV until/till I had done the housework.
after/before بيجي بعدهم (inf. + V.) لو مفيش فاعل:
After having lunch, I went back to my office.
Before going back to my office, I had had lunch.
USAGE -الاستـــخـــدام
بيعبر عن حدث حصل قبل وقت معين في الماضي، بيجي معاه تعبيرات زي:by/before/this time + تعبير زمني بيدل علي وقت معين في الماضي - By midnight, I had written two articles.
بيعبر عن حدث حصل قبل حدث تاني ما يحصل في الماضي:
First, I sent 20 invitations. Then, I left the office.
بيعبر عن حدث حصل و أثر علي حدث تاني في الماضي (أثر نتيجة لاكتمال الحدث الأول)
He had eaten too much food, so he didn’t eat any dessert.