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CH 16: The molecular basis of inheritance (DNA) - Coggle Diagram
CH 16: The molecular basis of inheritance (DNA)
DNA REPLICATION- allows genetic information to be inherited from a parent cell
Topoisomerase- "chill pill" unwinds and relaxes DNA
Helicase- "zipper" unzips the DNA
DNA polymerase- adds DNA bases to the exposed strand, starts with 3' end, adds bases running 5' to 3' (leading strand is before the lagging strand)
Okizaki fragments- the ones that joined by DNA ligase (only on the lagging strand)
Purine- A and G
Pyrimidine- TCU
Replication fork- a Y-shaped region where parental DNA strands are being unwound. (LEADING STRAND moves toward the replication fork)
VOCAB!!
Ligases- joins molecules together
Primase- enzyme that places a primer to indicate the starting point for polymerase
Nucleotide excision repair- a nuclease cuts out and replaces damaged stretches of DNA
Telomeres- DO NOT pervent the shortening of DNA molecules, but they do postpone the erosion of genes near the ends of DNA molecules. (ex: are the caps on the ends of chromosomes)
Non-coding DNA- DOES NOT make proteins
Histones- can either be lightly packed- EUCHROMATIN (ex: interphase) or tightly packed- HETEROCHROMATIN (ex: centromeres n telomeres n chromosomes)
Semiconversion model = Double helix replication
Mismatch repair- repair enzymes by replacing incorrectly paired nucleotides that have evaded proof-reading.
Viruses is DNA enclosed by a protective coat, often simply protein
Phages are used as tools by researchers in molecular genetics
Evidence of DNA
Alfred Hershey
and
Martha Chase
designed an experiment, concluding that the injected DNA of the phage provides the genetic information.
Frederick Griffith
- mixing pathogenic strains and nonpathogenic strains, lead "transformation"; defined as a change in genotype and phenotype doe to assimilation of foreign DNA.
Rosalind Franklin
- the pattern in the X-ray diffraction suggested the two strands of DNA
Watson
and
Crick
built models of a double helix- SEMICONSERVATION MODEL