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Chapter 16 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Chargaff's rule: The base composition of DNA differs from species and the number of pairs in the bases are equal
      - Pyrimidine (C&T)
      - Purine(A&T)
        
        Paring a purine and pyrimidine resulted in uniform width
  - - - Nucleosome: Composed of DNA wound twice around a core of eight histone
      - Euchromatin: loosely packed chromatin
      - Heterochromatin: highly condensed chromatin which make it hard for cells to express genetic information
- - - - Replication fork: Y-shaped region where parental DNA strands are being unwound
        
        DNA Polymerase: catalyze the synthesis of the new DNA at a replication fork
        
        Leading strand: DNA Polymerase synthesis continuously while moving toward the replication fork
        
        Lagging strand: DNA polymerase must work away from the replication fork
        
        Okazaki fragments: Series of synthesized segments of replicated DNA
        
        DNA Ligase: Where the okazaki fragments are joined togerther
      - Helicases: Enzymes that untwist the double helix and the replication forks
      - Single-strand binding proteins: bind to and stabilize single-strand DNA
      - Topoisomerase: Relieves the strain of twisting of the double helix by breaking, swiveling, and rejoin the DNA strands