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Anxiety Disorders - Coggle Diagram
Anxiety Disorders
III. Etiology (Causes)
Biological Theory: Overactivity of the amygdala and reticular formation; dysregulation of neurotransmitters (GABA, serotonin); genetic predisposition.
Psychoanalytical Theory (Freud): Unconscious childhood conflicts and the use of ego defense mechanisms (e.g., repression, displacement).
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Cognitive Theory: Distortions in thinking, such as catastrophic thinking, biased attention to threat, and negative self-talk.
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Treatment Modalities
Psychotherapy:
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Behavior Therapy: Includes relaxation techniques, systematic desensitization (gradual exposure), and implosion therapy (flooding).
Biofeedback: Uses equipment to monitor and help control physiological responses like heart rate and muscle tension.
Pharmacotherapy: Use of medications like antidepressants (SSRIs), benzodiazepines, and beta-blockers.
Psychoeducation: Teaching patients about their disorder, stressors, coping mechanisms, and the fact that anxiety disorders are treatable.
Anxiety: A diffuse, future-oriented state of uneasiness and apprehension associated with muscle tension and vigilance.
Fear: An emotional response to a real or perceived immediate threat, associated with autonomic arousal (fight-or-flight).
Pathological Anxiety: Normal anxiety is adaptive, but it becomes a disorder when it is excessive, persistent, and interferes with daily functioning.