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Prevention of Disease Transmission - Coggle Diagram
Prevention of Disease Transmission
Principles of the Chain of Infection
(to cause infection, all 6 must be present, breaking any one link prevents disease transmission)
3. Portal of Exit
How the pathogen leaves the host
e.g., Saliva, blood, respiratory droplets, pus
4. Mode of Transmission
How the pathogen travels to the next host
e.g., Direct contact, indirect contact, aerosols, droplets
2. Reservoir
Where the organism lives and multiples
e.g., people, animals, water, surfaces, instruments
5. Portal of Entry
How the pathogen enters the new host
e.g., Broken skin, mucous membranes, inhalation, ingestion
1. Infectious Agent
The micro-organism causing disease (bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions)
6. Susceptible Host
Person likely to get infected
e.g., Elderly, pregnant, immunocompromised, medically unwell
Standard Infection Control Precautions
(for EVERY pt regardless of infection status)
E) Safe Injection Practices
Use sterile needles
Dispose immediately after use
Prevents blood-borne virus transmission
D) Sharps Safety
No recapping
Use approved sharps containers
Prevents needle injuries/blood-borne viruses
C) Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Gloves, mask, visor, apron
Protects from blood, saliva, aerosols
B) Respiratory & Cough Hygiene
Cover mouth/nose when coughing
Mask use if symptomatic
Prevents droplet spread
F) Sterilisation & Disinfection of Pt-Care Items
Follow HTM 01-05 decontamination cycle
Autoclaving reusable instruments
Disinfecting non-critical equipment
A) Hand Hygiene
MOST important defence
Wash/sanitise before/after pt contact
Reduces direct & non-direct transmission
G) Environmental Infection Prevention & Control
Cleaning schedules
Colour-coded systems
Disinfecting dental chair, surfaces, handles
H) Dental Unit Water Quality
Flush waterlines
Control biofilm & legionella risk
Maintain <200 CFU/mL microbial counts
Routes of Transmission in the Dental Setting
B) Indirect Contact (Contaminated Instruments/Surfaces)
Contaminated instruments, sharps, equipment, surfaces
e.g., Hep B from unsterilised instruments
C) Aerosol-Generating Procedures (AGPs)
Drills, ultrasonic scalers, high-speed handpieces
Produce aerosols containing microbes
Spread COVID-19, Flu, TB, strep bacteria
A) Direct Contact (Person-to-person)
Touching blood, saliva, mucosa
Skin-to-skin contact
e.g., simplex, strep infections
Types of PPE
Employee PPE
C) Mask
Protects from aerosols & droplets
Surgical mask for routine care; FFP2/3 for APGs
D) Eye Protection
Goggles or visor protects from splashes, debris & aerosols
B) Gloves
Prevents contact with blood, saliva, chemicals
Single-use; integral for hand hygiene
E) Uniform
Clinical scrubs; kept clean; worn only in practice
Reduces contamination risk
A) Apron
Protects uniform from splashes, blood, saliva
Used for clinical procedures & decontamination
F) Footwear
Closed-toe, cleanable shoes for protection/safety
Patient PPE
ii) Bib
Protects pt clothing from fluids & debris
i) Eye Protection
Prevents splash / debris injury
Required for drilling, scaling, polishing