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Digestion (Charlotte) - Coggle Diagram

- - - - food is chewed with the help of teeth to cut and grind them into smaller pieces
        
        increases the surface area to allow enzymes to digest faster
    - - starch is digested into maltose by salivary amylase
  - - - food present is called bolus
  - - - water
      - hydrochloric acid
        
        helps to kill bacteria in the food
        
        provide acidic environment for proteases to work effectively
      - proteases
    - - churning action by the muscular wall of the stomach causes food to break up further into smaller pieces
    - - proteins are digested into amino acids by proteases
  - - - bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder
        
        it is released into the small intestine when fats reach the region
        
        bile is not an enzyme. It is a substance that breaks up fat molecules into fat globules (emulsification)
        
        emulsification increases the surface area of the fat molecules so that it can be digested by lipase faster
    - - secrets pancreatic juices
        
        contains enzymes such as amylase, maltase, carbohydrases, lipase and proteases
  - - - water and mineral salts are absorbed into the body
    - - faeces (poop) are stored temperarily
    - - faeces are expelled (egestion)
- - - - carbon
      - hydrogen
      - oxygen
    - - starch in rice, bread, noodles and potatoes
  - - - carbon
      - hydrogen
      - oxygen
    - - butter, margarine and cheese
  - - - carbon
      - nitrogen
      - hydrogen
      - sulfur
      - oxygen
      - phosphorus
    - - fish
      - milk
      - nuts
      - meat
      - eggs
- - - - helps to increase the surface area
      - happens in the mouth, oesophagus, stomach and small intestine
  - - - allows food substances to enter blood through intestinal walls
      - happens in the mouth, stomach and small intestine
- - - - place where a complex food substance is broken down into simpler substances
      - the shape of the food substance must fit into the active site of the enzyme
        
        like a lock and key model
  - - - salivary amylase
        
        digests starch to maltose
    - - proteases
        
        digests proteins to amino acids
    - - lipase
        
        digests fats into glycerol and fatty acids
      - maltase
        
        digests maltose into glucose
      - carbohydrases
        
        digests carbohydrates into glucose