Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Parasitic skin disease SA - Coggle Diagram
Parasitic skin disease SA
ectoparasitic skin disease= no.1 cause of pruritis
many ectoparasites are vectors of/contributors to infectious diseases
Trombiculiasis
July-Sept/Oct
asymptomatic to severely pruritic~
no licensed treatment
may kill mites before they detach naturally
if animal keeps going back to same place they contracted the mites, then resistance to treatment will occur
between toes
chigger larvae releases digestive enzymes, causing inflamm reaction
cat, dog, horse
Cheyletiellosis
cat, dog, rabbit
females may survive off host for 10 days
no licensed treatment: ivermectin (rabbit), fibronil (dog, cat, NOT rabbit), selamectin, moxidectin, isoxazolines (dog, cat)
bites in groups of 3
inflamed + itchy lesions
zoonotic
Demodecosis
common in dog, uncommon in cat, rare in horses
juvenile onset, localised: often recovers spontaneously
juvenile onset, generalised: inherited predisposition (bulldogs)
adult onset, localised or generalised: suspect underlying immunosuppression, >2yrs old, drugs (glucocorticoids, oclactinib, chemo)
Canine demodecosis
isoxazolines simplest to administer + fastest acting treatment
unauthorised but very cheap: ivermectin
monitor by clinical exam + repeat scrapes/plucks
treat until 2 negative samples taken at least 14 days apart--> expect min. 12 wks treatment
AVOID glucocorticoids + oclacitinib
Sarcoptic mange
common in dogs, rare in cats (usually immunosuppressed), v. rare in horses
may find eggs or faecal pellets rather than mites themselves
burrow tunnel
Ectoparasite hypersensitivity
multiple mechanisms
IgE-mediated mas cell activation
delayed cell mediated
"basophil hypersensitivity"
TH1 macrophage activation
TH2 lymphocyte/eosinophil activation
various antigens
saliva
cuticle
excreted metabolites/enzymes/toxins
faeces
Flea bite hypersensitivity
flea salivary antigens
cats, dogs
immediate and/or delayed intradermal reactions
flea infestation of non-FAD animals unlikely to cause skin lesions
3-5 years old
diagnosis
history + signs
evidence of flea bite exposure: fleas or flea faeces
response to therapy
allergy testing
management
flea control regime
antipruritic/anti-inflamm meds: glucocorticoids apoquel, cytopointe
allergen-specific immunotherapy
overgrooming on ventral abdomen (cats)