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East Timor History - Coggle Diagram
East Timor History
Ethnic & Colonial Background
Different ethnic group from Indonesia
Colonial powers:
British
Dutch
Portuguese (controlled >4 centuries)
Portuguese influence:
Spread of Christianity
Retained colonies in Goa, East Timor, Macao
Portugal focused more on African colonies
Post-WWII: East Timor not decolonized
Portugal’s Political Context
Dictatorship: Salazar (1926-1968), Caetano (1968-1974)
Neutral in WWII → limited Japanese occupation
1974 Carnation Revolution → start of decolonization
Political parties established:
UDT (Democratic Union of Timor)
ASDT (Timorese Social Democratic Association) → radical, independence
APODETI (Timorese Democratic People’s Union) → integration with Indonesia
Political Developments in 1975
Early 1975 elections:
FRETILIN: 55% votes
UDT: close second
~90% support for these 2 parties
UDT coup supported by Indonesia → challenged by FRETILIN
Portuguese presence gradually withdrew → last Portuguese left August 27, 1975
No formal decolonization
FRETILIN & Indonesian Involvement
FRETILIN winning civil war → gaining control
Indonesian generals planning intervention
FRETILIN declared independence: Nov 28, 1975 (pre-emptive)
Indonesian pretext for invasion: Balibo Declaration
Indonesia invaded: Dec 7, 1975