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Digestion (Kaelen), Increase surface area, E.g. Bread, rice, potatoes, E.g…

- - - - Carbs, fats, proteins
    - - Glucose, glycerol, fatty acids, etc
- - - - Primary source of energy
      - Growth and movement
    - - Secondary source of energy
      - It helps to reduce heat loss
      - Provides 2x energy compared to carbohydrates
    - - Source of energy when there are no fats or carbs
      - For growth of new cells and tissues
      - To repair damaged tissues
- - - - Like a 'lock & key' model
        
        They can only break down one type of food
- - - - Digests proteins
        
        Churning of muscle walls (surface area)
        
        Proteins are digested into amino acids by proteases
        
        Hydrochloric acid is produced to __
        
        Kill bacteria
        
        Provide an acidic environment for proteases to work effectively
    - - Produces bile
        
        Emulsification (breaking up of fat molecules)
    - - Stores bile
    - - Transports bile to chyme
    - - Secretes pancreatic juices
        
        Releases enzymes to break down the chyme for further digestion
    - - Digests and absorbs digested food
        
        Intestinal juices contain enzymes to break down the food chemically to be absorbed
        
        Villi (finger-like structures) absorb food through diffusion or active transport
    - - Moves the bolus (ball of food)
        
        Peristalsis (muscle contractions)
    - - Water & mineral salts are absorbed in the colon
        
        Faeces are stored in the rectum
        
        The waste is then expelled by the body at the anus through egestion
    - - Where food is ingested
        
        Chewing -> surface area
        
        Starch is digested into maltose by amylase