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The Molecular Basis of Inheritance - Coggle Diagram
The Molecular Basis of Inheritance
DNA is genetic material
Transformation
- change in genotype & phenotype due to assimilation or foreign DNA
Purines
- nitrogen bases with 2 organic rings. Ex: A(adenine) & G(guanine)
Pyrimidines
- nitrogen bases with 1 organic ring. Ex: T(thymine) & C(cytosine)
30% A-30% T 20%C- 20% G = 100% DNA
Proteins in DNA replication & repair
DNA replication
Topoisomerase
- Enzyme that unwinds & relaxes DNA
Copying of DNA
Helicase
- unzips DNA
Single-strand binding proteins
- binds to unpaired DNA strands, keeping them from repairing
DNA polymerase
adds DNA bases to exposed strand, only reads 3'-5'
Ligase
- connects Okazaki fragments
Primase
- adds a primer so DNA polymerase knows where to begin adding bases
Semiconservative model
-each new DNA strand is made of half parent half new
DNA repair
Mismatch repair
- DNA polymerase has a method for correcting mistakes. "Proofreader"
Nucleotide excision repair
- nucleus cuts out & replaces damaged stretches of DNA
Mutations lead to genetic diversity
Telomeres
- caps at end of chromosomes that don't code for genes
Chromosomes consist of DNA
Histone
Proteins that are responsible for packing of DNA
Chromatin
is condensed
Heterochromatin
- tightly condensed DNA
Euchromatin
- "true chromatin", loosely compacted, more dispersed in interphase
