Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
ENG 45 C, In this text, Eliot argues that new literary forms should be…
-
- In this text, Eliot argues that new literary forms should be found by looking at traditional forms.
- He also states that the present alters the past as much as it is impacted by it.
Gothic literature is characterized by it's use of mystery, horror, the supernatural, and/or the darker aspects of human nature, such as depravity, or madness. It intends to create an atmosphere of fear and foreboding.
Each of these texts uses gothic elments.
- In "Bartleby, the Scrivener", Bartleby becomes passively resitant towards performing his duties at work, and eventually towards his basic physiological needs.
- In "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock," the speaker's social anxiety and indecision leads to him to fail to act on his desires
The speaker in "The Lake Isle of Innisfree" wishes to escape to an uninhabited island where he may be surrounded by nature and achieve spiritual fulfillment and serenity, much like the sentiments of Romanticism, which call for a return to nature, imagination, and spirituality in an increasingly industrial society.
Each of these texts center on questions of knowledge, reality, and/or truth
- In "The Man of the Crowd," both the speaker and the reader's are denied knowledge of who the "man of the crowd" is, and what kind of secrets he is keeping. Reader's are left wondering about the speaker's secrets too.
- In "Bartleby, the Scrivener," both the readers and the characters in the story are denied knowledge of who Bartleby is, and why he resisted participating in society.
- In The Turn of the Screw, reader's are left questioning the reliability of the narrator; whether the ghosts were real, or figments of her imagination
Imagism was a poetry movement that centered on creating distinct, precise images; an "intellectual and emotional complex in an instant of time" (Pound 1913). It advocated for using colloquial language, free verse, and stripping poems of any unnecessary, flowery language.
Each of these authors were key figures in the movement, and each of these poems are examples of Imagism
- This text outlines the tenants of Imagism
- These texts depart from traditional literary forms
Parataxis is a writing style where two ideas/independent clauses are placed side-by-side without a conjunction connecting them. This works to provide each clause with equal weight and a sense of immediacy.
Each of these texts use parataxis/paratactic structure.
Each of these texts deal with ideas from Freud's theory of psychosexual development and/or the repression/projection of one's sexual desires.
- The ghosts in The Turn of the Screw can be read as projections of the governess' repressed sexual desires; that her own relationship with the children is sexually-charged.
- In The Sound and The Fury, Quentin's devastation at his sister Caddy's promiscuity seems a reflection of his own repressed, incestuous desire to be intimate with her
- In Mrs. Dalloway, Clarissa represses her homosexuality, seeing as it conflicts with societal norms.
Each of these poets/poems experiment with new poetic forms while also upholding traditional forms.
- "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" is written primarily in free verse, but weaves in and out of traditional meters and rhyme schemes at times. The title thwarts the love lyric genre.
- "Easter, 1916" blends iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter. Many of its "rhymes" are near-rhymes.
- "The Second Coming" does not fit any traditional form, but closely resembles the sonnet. It lacks a rhyme scheme but is written in iambic pentameter.
- "Sailing to Byzantium" is written in iambic pentameter but breaks from it at times.
Stream-of-consciousness narration attempts to mimic the free-flowing, often tangential thoughts, feelings, and sensations of an individual.
- In each text, the use of stream-of-consciousness narration goes hand-in-hand with free indirect discourse.
Each of these texts present a conflict between past and present/tradition and modernity.
- In "The Dead," deceased characters hold immense power over living characters, mainly Gabriel and Gretta. Many character's hold tight to Irish traditions.
- In The Sound and the Fury, the Compson family's attachment to traditional Southern values prevents them from being able to adapt to changing times.
- In Things Fall Apart, the cultural traditions of Igbo society clash with the way of life of their European colonizers
- Each of these texts are non-linear, and weave in and out of the past and present without marking such shifts. This gives the impression of the past and present coalescing.
The Harlem Renaissance was an artistic/literary movement that celebrated African American culture through creative expression. Its artists/writers/intellectuals were interested in forming a new Black identity.
- Hughes and Hurston were two key figures from the movement.
- Post-Colonialism explores the lingering effects of colonialism/imperialism on those who have been colonized and/or those who have been colonizers.
Each of these texts carry themes of connection between familial generations.
- In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo's shame over his father's laziness and "immasculinity" leads him to pressure his son to emulate "masculinity." The repetition throughout the novel may be a way of symbolizing generational trauma.
- In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Nanny's experiences with rape and slavery leads her to marry Janie off to Logan as a way of ensuring her granddaughter's safety.
- In "The Negro Speaks of Rivers," rivers serve as a metaphor for the speaker's (or all African Americans') long cultural heritage and their connection to their complex network of ancestors.
Each of these texts has an element of storytelling/orality.
- In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie tells the story of her life in a frame narrative to her friend Pheoby. In Janie's story, her grandmother, too, tells Janie her own life story.
- In Things Fall Apart, oral traditions like proverbs and myths are central to Igbo culture and history.
- In The Turn of the Screw, the main story is told within a frame narrative, and there are a total of three "storytellers" throughout the novel: Douglass, the unnamed narrator, and the governess. This works to draw attention to the potential unreliability of narration.
Each of these texts contrast different languages/forms of languages to demonstrate language's inextricability from culture.
- In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Hurston contrasts the narrator's use of standard English with the characters' African American vernacular.
- In Things Fall Apart, the Europeans and the Igbo cannot understand each other/each other's way of life on account of their inability to understand one another's languages. Additionally, Achebe uses a blend of English and Igbo to demonstrate how European culture swallowed up Igbo culture.
- In The Sound and The Fury, Faulkner contrasts the vernacular of the white characters from the vernacular of the black characters to mirror the racial hierarchy of the time period
These poems by Hughes contain jazz/blues rhythms, performance spaces, and/or directly references the musical genres.
- The woman in "The Nude Young Dancer" would be dancing in a space of artistic experimentation/a hub of African American culture/art.
- In "The Weary Blues," the poetic rhythm mimics the music the speaker describes. The lyrics of the bluesman's song reflects how blues often the depicts the suffering of the black community.
- "The Negro Speaks of Rivers" has a musicality resembling the rhythms of jazz
These texts by Hughes provide explicit critiques of American society.
- In "The Negro Artist and the Racial Mountain" Hughes argues that black poets should embrace their distinct artistic culture instead of attempting to replicate white poetry and assimilating to white aesthetics.
- In "Let America Be America Again" Hughes critiques the "American Dream" and declares that it has failed to provide freedom and equality for all Americans. He calls attention to its systemic injustices and calls America to action
Each of these texts draw attention to the inequality of gender roles and/or provide a celebration of femininity.
- In "The Dead" Gabriel is severely affected by women's opinions of him, yet simultaneously views them as inferior to him - this seems an ironic critique of patriarchal society.
- In The Sound and The Fury, Faulkner draws attention to the double standard between men and women: Caddy is expected to be pious, while Quentin is made to feel shame over being a virgin.
- In Mrs. Dalloway, women are largely confined to the domestic sphere. Clarissa feels that she is merely an extension of her husband; that she is seen only as a wife, and not as herself.
- In Their Eyes Were Watching God, Janie's first two husbands subjugate her: Logan makes her do intense physical labor, and Jody silences her. Women are also shown as often being victims of rape and domestic violence.
- In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo's fear of appearing feminine leads him to kill his surrogate son. Women in the text are confined to the domestic sphere, are frequently beat by their husbands, and have no say in who they will marry.
- In "Eurydice" H.D. reworks the greek myth of Eurydice, giving her a voice, strength, autonomy, and agency. It challenges the notion that women can only be saved by a man.
- "Sea Rose" suggests that women who are not traditionally feminine (that is, delicate and passive) are overlooked by society.
- "Oread" portrays femininity as a powerful force.
-