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European Exploration+colonization(past), Technologically invented modern…
European Exploration+colonization(past), Technologically invented modern resource global trade(present and future)
Future
Who: Main participants(governments, enterprises, educational institutions, etc.); International partners(China, South Korea, India, Japan, etc.)
What: Australia won’t rely on traditional resources such as coal, natural gas. Instead, it will export main minerals which can be used to produce renewable energy and other things. Also same things like services, goods, etc.
Where: All over the world, mainly Australia
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Why: Because of other reasons such as global warming, Australia is forced to export other things without relying on coal; Also Australia needs stable and strong international partner to keep its economy stable.
How: government’s policies, technology development, innovation, etc.
Past（settlement）
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what
Exports: Raw materials (wool, gold, timber, wheat) — produced by convict labor or settler farms
Imports: Manufactured goods (textiles, tools, food) from Britain
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when
Late 18th century to early 20th century (until Australia’s federation and gradual trade diversification)
how
Transport: Sailing ships (later steamships)
Regulation: British mercantilist policies (restricting trade with non-British regions)
why
Britain’s demand for colonial resources
Colonial economic dependence on British markets (enforced by imperial trade policies)
5WH(Present)
Where: Ports container shipping, Western & Northern ports; Australia and coastal ports of Asian importing countries
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What: Australia mainly exports raw materials and food plus some services, also imports some manufactured goods, medical equipment to its partner
Why: Australia has abundant natural resources (geographic advantage); Asian countries have high energy demand; free trade agreement (e.g. China-Australia FTA) reduce trade barriers
Who: Australia with its trade partners such as China, United States, Japan, Germany, South Korea
How: Governments ensure trade facilitation through free trade agreements; enterprises sign long-term supply contracts