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Magnesium Alloys - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Al 8%, Zn 0.5%, Mg ~91%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 300–350 MPa
        
        YS: 200–250 MPa
        
        Elongation: 5–10%
        
        Hardness: 75–85 HB
        
        Density: 1.80 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
        
        Mg-Zn intermetallic minor
        
        Al–Mn particles
    - - Al 9%, Zn 1%, Mg ~90%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 230–250 MPa
        
        YS: 150–170 MPa
        
        Elongation: 2–7%
        
        Hardness: 70–80 HB
        
        Density: 1.81 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
        
        Mg–Zn phases (MgZn) minor
        
        Al–Mn particles
    - - Al 6%, Zn 1%, Mg ~93%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 250–300 MPa
        
        YS: 150–200 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8–15%
        
        Hardness: ~60 HB
        
        Density: 1.79 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (lebih banyak dari AZ31, membentuk jaringan halus)
        
        Mg–Zn precipitates
        
        Al–Mn particles
    - - Al 5%, Mn 0.3%, Mg ~94%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 210–230 MPa
        
        YS: 120–140 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10–15% (sangat tinggi)
        
        Hardness: ~60 HB
        
        Density: 1.77 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (lebih sedikit daripada AZ91, ini sebabnya lebih ductile)
        
        Al–Mn intermetallic (Al₈Mn₅)
    - - Al 3%, Zn 1%, Mn 0.2%, Mg ~96%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        Tensile Strength (UTS): 240–280 MPa
        
        Yield Strength (YS): 160–200 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10–20%
        
        Hardness: 50–60 HB
        
        Density: 1.78 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (sangat sedikit, biasanya di batas butir)
        
        Al–Mn particles (sangat kecil)
        
        Mg–Zn precipitates (MgZn, Mg₂Zn₃) dalam jumlah kecil
    - - Al 6%, Mn 0.3%, Mg ~93%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 230–250 MPa
        
        YS: 130–150 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8–12%
        
        Hardness: ~65 HB
        
        Density: 1.78 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (lebih banyak dari AM50 tetapi tidak sebanyak AZ91)
        
        Al–Mn particles
    - - Al 4%, Rare earth 2%, Mg ~94%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 250–280 MPa
        
        YS: 150–170 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–7%
        
        Hardness: 60–70 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Al-RE intermetallic (Al₁₁RE₃, Al₂RE)
        
        Sedikit β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
    - - Al 4%, Si 1%, Mg ~95%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 200–230 MPa
        
        YS: 120–140 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–6%
        
        Hardness: ~55 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₂Si (primer & eutektik)
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
        
        Al–Mn particles
  - - - Zn 2%, Mn 1%, Mg ~97%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 200–230 MPa
        
        YS: 130–160 MPa
        
        Elongation: 15–25% (paling ductile)
        
        Hardness: ~55 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg–Zn phases (MgZn, Mg₂Zn₃) kecil
        
        Al–Mn particles (jika ada impurity Al)
        
        Mn-rich intermetallic
    - - Zn 4%, Rare earth 1%, Mg ~95%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 180–220 MPa
        
        YS: 90–120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–8%
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₁₂RE / Mg₃RE (intermetallic berbasis RE – sangat stabil)
        
        Mg–Zn phases
        
        Zr (grain refiner)
    - - Zn 6%, Zr 0.5%, Mg ~93%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 300–350 MPa
        
        YS: 230–280 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8–12%
        
        Hardness: 85–95 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        MgZn + Mg₂Zn₃ precipitates (penyebab strength tinggi)
        
        Zr particles
  - - - Y 5%, RE 4%, Mg ~91%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 270–310 MPa
        
        YS: 160–200 MPa
        
        Elongation: 2–6%
        
        Hardness: 90–105 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg–RE intermetallic (Mg₁₂RE, Mg₃RE)
        
        Mg-Y phases
        
        Zr refining phase
    - - Ag 2%, RE 2%, Zr, Mg ~96%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 250–300 MPa
        
        YS: 150–200 MPa
        
        Elongation: 2–6%
        
        Creep resistance: sangat baik, sampai 200–250°C
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg–Ag compounds (AgMg, Ag₃Mg)
        
        Mg–RE phases
        
        Zr particles
    - - Y 4%, RE 3%, Zr , Mg ~93%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 300–330 MPa
        
        YS: 200–230 MPa
        
        Elongation: 4–8%
        
        Hardness: 95–110 HB
        
        Creep resistance: sangat tinggi hingga 250–300°C
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₁₂RE / Mg₃RE intermetallic
        
        Mg–Y compounds (Mg₂₄Y₅)
        
        Zr particles (grain refiner)
    - - Nd 2%, Gd 1%, Zr, Mg ~97%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 240–260 MPa
        
        YS: 150–170 MPa
        
        Elongation: 6–10%
        
        Hardness: 65–75 HB
        
        Creep resistance: tinggi sampai 200°C
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₃Nd, Mg₁₂Nd
        
        Mg–Gd precipitates
        
        Zr grain refiner
  - - - Mn 0.8%, Mg ~99.2%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 175–200 MPa
        
        YS: 120–140 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10–18%
        
        Hardness: ~48 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mn-rich intermetallic
    - - Mn 1.0%, Mg ~99.0%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 180–210 MPa
        
        YS: 125–150 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10–15%
        
        Hardness: 50 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mn particles
    - - Mn 0.6%, Mg ~99.4%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 170–195 MPa
        
        YS: 115–135 MPa
        
        Elongation: 12–20%
        
        Hardness: ~45 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mn intermetallic
    - - Mn 0.5%, Mg ~99.5%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 170–190 MPa
        
        YS: 110–130 MPa
        
        Elongation: 15–22%
        
        Hardness: 40–45 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mn-rich particles (lebih banyak → grain refinement)
    - - Mn 0.2%, Mg ~99.8%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 160–180 MPa
        
        YS: 100–120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 18–25%
        
        Hardness: 38–42 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Al–Mn particles / Mn-rich intermetallic
    - - Mn 0.1%, Mg ~99.9%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 150–170 MPa
        
        YS: 90–120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 20–30% (sangat tinggi)
        
        Hardness: 35–40 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (dominan)
        
        Mn-rich particles (pembersih Fe)
  - - - Zn 2,5-3,0%, Zr 0,4-0,7%, Mg 96,0-96,4%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 260–300 MPa
        
        YS: 180–220 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8–15%
        
        Hardness: ~75 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        MgZn precipitates
        
        Mg₂Zn₃
        
        Zr particles
    - - Zn 3,5-4,3%, Zr 0,4-0,7%, Mg 95,3-95,8%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 280–330 MPa
        
        YS: 200–250 MPa
        
        Elongation: 6–12%
        
        Hardness: 80–85 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        MgZn & Mg₂Zn₃ strengthening precipitates
        
        Zr
    - - Zn 0,8-1,2%, Zr 0,2-0,4%, Mg 98,5-98,7%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 200–230 MPa
        
        YS: 120–150 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10–20%
        
        Hardness: 55–65 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        MgZn, Mg₂Zn₃ precipitates
        
        Zr-rich grain refiner
    - - Zn 5,5-6,5%, Zr 0,4-0,7%, Mg 93,2-93,7%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 300–350 MPa
        
        YS: 230–280 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8–12%
        
        Hardness: 85–95 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        MgZn + Mg₂Zn₃ (dominant)
        
        Zr refiner
  - - - Si 2%, Mg 97-98%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 150–180 MPa
        
        YS: 90–120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–8%
        
        Hardness: ~55 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₂Si (primer + eutektik)
        
        Si-rich particles
    - - Al 4%, Si 1%, Mn 0.2%, Mg ~94–95%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 200–230 MPa
        
        YS: 120–140 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–6%
        
        Hardness: ~55 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₂Si (primer & eutektik)
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
        
        Al–Mn particles (minor)
    - - Al 2%, Si 1%, Mn 0.2%, Mg ~97%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 160–190 MPa
        
        YS: 100–120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 3–8%
        
        Hardness: 55–60 HB
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg
        
        Mg₂Si
        
        β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂
  - - - Li 9%, Zn 1%, Mg ~90%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 160-190 MPa
        
        YS: 100-130 MPa
        
        Elongation: 18-25%
        
        Hardness: 50-60 HV
        
        Density: ~1.38 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        β-Li (dominant - BCC structure)
        
        α-Mg (minor - HCP structure)
        
        MgLi₂Zn
        
        MgZn (minor)
    - - Li 12%, Zn 1–2%, Mg ~86–87%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 140-165 MPa
        
        YS: 75-100 MPa
        
        Elongation: 20-30%
        
        Hardness: 40-50 HV
        
        Density: ~1.30 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        β-Li (dominant phase - BCC)
        
        MgLi₂Zn (strengthening phase)
        
        α-Mg
    - - Li 10%, Al 3%, Mg ~87%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 140-170 MPa
        
        YS: 80-110 MPa
        
        Elongation: 15-22%
        
        Hardness: 45-55 HV
        
        Density: ~1.35 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        β-Li (dominant phase - BCC)
        
        α-Mg (minor phase - HCP)
        
        AlLi (Al₃Li/AlLi precipitates)
        
        Mg-Li intermetallic
    - - Li 4–6%, Mg ~94–96%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 120-150 MPa
        
        YS: 60-85 MPa
        
        Elongation: 25-35%
        
        Hardness: 35-45 HV
        
        Density: ~1.50 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (dominant - HCP)
        
        β-Li (minor - BCC)
        
        α+β dual phase structure
    - - Al 5%, Ca 0.3–0.4%, Mg ~94.6%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 150-180 MPa
        
        YS: 90-120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 12-18%
        
        Hardness: 50-60 HV
        
        Density: ~1.45 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        β-Li (body-centered cubic)
        
        AlLi (precipitate)
        
        Al₂Ca
    - - Li 7–9%, Mg~91–93%
        
        Mechancial Properties
        
        UTS: 130-160 MPa
        
        YS: 70-95 MPa
        
        Elongation: 22-30%
        
        Hardness: 40-50 HV
        
        Density: ~1.42 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        β-Li (dominant)
        
        α-Mg (minor)
        
        Transitional α+β structure
    - - Li 10–12%, Mg ~88–90%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 135-165 MPa
        
        YS: 75-100 MPa
        
        Elongation: 20-28%
        
        Hardness: 42-52 HV
        
        Density: ~1.35 g/cm³
        
        Fasa
        
        β-Li (dominant - BCC)
        
        α-Mg (minimal)
        
        Li-rich solid solution
  - - - Ca 0,8-1,2%, Mg ~99%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 160-200 MPa
        
        YS: 80-110 MPa
        
        Elongation: 18-25%
        
        Hardness: 45-55 HV
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        Mg₂Ca (primary precipitate)
        
        (Mg,Ca) solid solution
    - - Al 3%, Ca 0.3%, Mg ~96.7%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 220-260 MPa
        
        YS: 130-160 MPa
        
        Elongation: 10-15%
        
        Hardness: 60-70 HV
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        Al₂Ca (C15 Laves phase)
        
        Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β-phase)
        
        (Al,Mg)₂Ca
    - - Zn 0,7-0,9%, Ca 0,2-0,4%, Mg 98,8-98,9%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 180-220 MPa
        
        YS: 90-120 MPa
        
        Elongation: 15-20%
        
        Hardness: 50-60 HV
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        Ca₂Mg₆Zn₃ (intermetallic phase)
        
        Mg₂Ca (minor phase)
    - - Al 5%, Ca 0.3–0.4%, Mg ~94.6%
        
        Mechanical Properties
        
        UTS: 240-280 MPa
        
        YS: 150-180 MPa
        
        Elongation: 8-12%
        
        Hardness: 65-75 HV
        
        Fasa
        
        α-Mg (matrix)
        
        Al₂Ca (C15 Laves phase - dominant)
        
        Mg₁₇Al₁₂ (β-phase)
        
        (Mg,Al)₂Ca
- - - - Pin fraktur
      - Screw tulang biodegradable
    - - Screw bioabsorbable untuk ortopedi
  - - - Fork sepeda magnesium
    - - Handlebar premium
      - Komponen suspensi sepeda gunung
    - - Body cover panel pesawat ringan
      - Panel interior kereta
    - - Connector bracket transportasi
  - - - Internal frame tablet
      - Back cover HP
    - - Body panel notebook ultralight
      - Keyboard base frame
    - - Casing kamera DSLR
      - Casing laptop MSI
  - - - Rim sepeda magnesium
      - Frame sepeda downhill
    - - Frame UAV marine
      - Support bar kapal ringan
    - - Armrest frame
      - Panel interior kereta
  - - - Satellite bracket
      - Rotor helicopter parts
      - Panel pesawat tempur
    - - Gearbox helicopter housing high-temp
      - Fuselage parts
    - - Drone frame kelas militer
      - Wheel hub pesawat
      - Struktur helikopter
    - - UAV airframe
      - Aerospace gearbox
      - Rudder ribs
  - - - Cylinder block small section
    - - Engine bracket panas
      - Komponen mesin dekat knalpot
    - - Engine mount housing
      - Transmission case temperatur tinggi
    - - Struktur gearbox pesawat panas tinggi
  - - - Powertrain bracket
      - Engine front cover
      - Transmission case panas
    - - Crankcase small casting
      - Cylinder head cover
    - - Clutch housing
      - Oil pan cover
      - Gearbox housing
    - - Dashboard cross-beam
      - Seat frame skeleton
      - Steering wheel frame
  - - - Housing vacuum cleaner
      - Rangka kursi (office chair frame)
    - - Panel speaker ringan
      - Koper magnesium premium
    - - Body kamera
      - Power tools housing (bor, grinder)
      - Wheel rims aftermarket