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What factors affect food security in Tanzania? - Coggle Diagram
What factors affect food security in Tanzania?
Irregular rainfall
(droughts in 1961/62, 1970/71, 1973/75)
with irregular rainfall it is had to predict when the best time to grow crops are, less rainfalll can lead to drying out of crops and less food.
Poverty
58% of the population live on less than $1 per day
Poverty severely affects food security in Tanzania by limiting people's purchasing power and access to food, particularly in rural areas where income is low and employment opportunities are scarce.
Floods
In 1978/79 & 1988/89 these affected the main agricultural areas of the country
Floods could cause food insecurity as it makes it hard to grow food if the fields are flooded
There is poor infrastructure (especially in rural areas)
causing high transportation costs, and limiting access to markets, which raises food prices, especially in food-deficit areas
The country is not well prepared to deal with or respond to emergencies or disasters
this means e.g natural disasters can destroy lots of crops because there is no way to protect them
Most farming (85%) is done by hand. Only 10% utilises oxen and 5% utilise tractors
Food is produced slower because they dont have the ability to use machinery to assist them in producing it
Urban areas have high levels of unemployment
This could be due to the huge population of the area and the amount of people searching for convenient available jobs.
There are few food processing industries such as canning which allows food to keep for longer
This means that food wont last as long and they will soon run out meaning there isnt enough food for everyone
Food production cannot keep up with population growth
The population is growing at a very fast rate due to migration, urbanisation and reproduction. this is a pressure on the demand for food and water making it difficult to distribute evenly
Farm inputs (fertilisers, hybrid seeds etc) are too expensive for most small farmers (especially as farm subsidies have been removed)
Soil wont be as fertile and crops wont grow as quickly meaning food is produced at a slower rate
Most food production happens around the edge of the country where it is wetter. Food then has to be transported to the middle (drier) regions
The availablility of people in the drier regions is limited as they have to qait for it to be transported and cant grow it themselves
Migration to urban areas puts pressure on resources
This means that more people will be in the area and there wont be enough food for everyone
Most farms are small
(on average only 2 hectares in size)
This means that not as much food is produced for the amount of people living in that area
Political instability in neighbouring countries means there are significant numbers of refugees in Tanzania
Refugees means that tehre are more people in the country and therefore more peolpe to feed on a limited supply of food
Most food is produced for export. In 1989, 72% of the export earnings came from farming
This means that the people in the country wont get as much food becuase they sell most of it therefore makes food more insecure
There has been a shift from farming to light urban based industries
it reduces the crop divertsity and this means there is less variation in the food availibly and limits what is able to be sold on an make profit