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Nervous & Endocrine Systems — Ch.16 - Coggle Diagram
Nervous & Endocrine Systems — Ch.16
Nervous System
rapid communication network for sensory input, integration, and motor output — pp. 426–431
Neurons
excitable cells with dendrites, cell body, and axon that generate and propagate action potentials — pp. 426–428
Synapses
Functions where neurons communicate (electrical or chemical) allowing signal transmission — pp. 428–430
Synaptic Cleft & Neurotransmitters
chemical gap where neurotransmitters (e.g., ACh, dopamine) are released to affect the next cell — pp. 428–430
Central Nervous System
brain and spinal cord; main processing and integration centers — pp. 426–427
Peripheral Nervous System
cranial and spinal nerves that relay sensory input and motor output (somatic & autonomic) — pp. 427–428
Endocrine System
hormone-based regulation via bloodstream for slower, long-term control of physiology — pp. 414–416, 432–436
Hormones
chemical messengers released into blood that bind target-cell receptors to alter function — pp. 432–434
Pituitary Gland
master” gland; anterior secretes tropic hormones (FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH, GH), posterior stores ADH and oxytocin — pp. 434–435
Thyroid Gland
secretes T3/T4 to regulate metabolism and calcitonin involved in calcium balance — pp. 434–435
Adrenal Glands
medulla releases epinephrine/norepinephrine (fast stress response); cortex releases cortisol/aldosterone (longer-term) — pp. 435–436
Regulation of Hormone Production
often by negative feedback and hypothalamic–pituitary axes controlling endocrine glands — pp. 434–436
Nervous System
Endocrine System — integrated control: hypothalamus links neural signals to hormonal responses (controls pituitary) — pp. 432–436