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Sensory System, Chropmophores = Protein Opsin + Vitamin A (Retinal) -…

- - - - Specific stimulus; maximally excites the receptor
      - Others stimuli; if only they are sufficiently large
    - - Nociceptors
  - - - Transduction of stimulus into receptor potential in sensory receptor
        
        Transmission of Action Potential (AP) in sensory neuron
        
        Interpretation of stimulus in Central Nervous System (CNS)
  - - - Stimuli → Receptor Potential → Neurotransmitter released onto an afferent neuron
    - - Stimuli → Generator Potential → Triggers Action Potential in the axon
- - - - Skin Receptors
    - - Sensilla
  - - - Chordotonal Organs
      - Statocysts
    - - Ear
        
        Equilibrium
        
        Hearing
    - - Semicircular Canals
        
        Balance
      - Cochlea & Organ of Corti
        
        Hearing
- - - - Ciliary
        
        G protein signals via phosphodiesterase
    - - Rhabdomeric
        
        G protein signals via a phospholipase C signal transduction cascade
- - - - Invertebrate
        
        G-protein (non-homologous genes)
      - Vertebrate
        
        Golf protein → Adenylate Cyclase Pathway
      - Bipolar Neurons
    - - Detects
        
        Umami
        
        Salty
        
        Sour
        
        Bitter
        
        Sweet
      - Animal
        
        Vertebrate
        
        Location
        
        Epithelial Cells
        
        Neuron
        
        Bipolar sensory neurons
        
        Use
        
        Diverse signal transduction mechanisms (ion channels & G-protein-coupled receptors)
        
        Insect
        
        Neuron
        
        Bipolar sensory neurons
        
        Use
        
        Signal through G-protein-coupled receptors