Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Ellen's human transport - Coggle Diagram
Ellen's human transport
-
HEART
- the heart is a muscular, funnel-shaped and hollow organ which is located to the left of the midline of the body. It is protected by the ribcage.
-
- It is a powerful muscular organ because it is made up of a special muscle called the heart muscle.
- the function of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body
- Humans cannot control the movements of the heart muscle. It contracts and relaxes constantly by itself to pump blood flowing continuously in our body.
- In humans, one contraction and one relaxation of the heart muscle make up one heartbeat. The average heart rate in a healthy person is about 60 to 70 heartbeats per minute.
- The heart rate is affected by age, health and type of activity.– The heart rate of a baby is generally higher than a normal adult.– The heart rate of an unhealthy or unfit person can be higher than a healthy or fit person because the heart pumps blood less efficiently.– The heart rate of a person who carries out a vigorous exercise is higher than a person who is at rest because the heart needs to pump blood faster to transport substances.
-
- The contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle also change the pressure in the blood that flows through the blood vessels. As a result, there will be a change in the pressure on the walls of the blood vessels with every heartbeat when blood flows through them. This is known as the pulse.[Pulses can tell us the beating of the heart indirectly since the heart beat is what causes the pulse.]
- In a healthy person, the normal pulse rate is about 60 to 70 times per minute when the person is at rest.
- We can measure our pulse rate at different parts of our body for example wrists, the side of the neck, the earlobes
- The faster the heart beats, the higher the heart rate and the higher the pulse rate.
- Our heart rate increases when we exercise. This is because the heart must pump blood faster around the body to supply more digested food and oxygen to all parts of the body quickly. At the same time, the blood needs to remove carbon dioxide and waste materials produced from all parts of the body quickly.
- When a person exercises, the heart rate increases. However, the increase in the heart rate of a fit person may be lower than a less fit person when they exercise at the same intensity. This is because the heart of the fit person can pump blood more efficiently than in a less fit person.
- A line graph can be used to show the heart rate (or pulse rate) when we are at rest or exercising.
BLOOD
- There is about 5 litres of blood in the body of a healthy adult.
- Blood transports substances around the body through the blood vessels. Oxygen, water, digested food and mineral salts to the body cells, carbon dioxide and waste materials from the body cells to the organs that remove these substances from our body.
-
-
BLOOD VESSELS
- In humans, there is a network of tubes connecting the heart to all parts of the body. These tubes are called blood vessels.
- Blood vessels allow blood to flow around the body.
- Three different types of blood vessels.
-
-
-
- There are many arteries and veins in our circulatory system. Some of them carry blood rich in oxygen and poor in carbon dioxide (or oxygenated blood). Others carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen (or deoxygenated blood).
-
-
- Blood rich in carbon dioxide but poor in oxygen returns to the heart from the rest of the body. Blood passes through the heart the first time.
- The heart pumps blood through an artery. The artery carries the blood away from the heart towards the lung
- The artery branches into fine capillaries. This increases the exposed surface areas so that gaseous exchange can take place faster between the bloodstream and the lungs. When blood reaches the lungs, gaseous exchange takes place through the thin walls of capillaries. Oxygen in the air sacs of the lungs moves into the blood. Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the air sacs to be removed. Blood is now rich in oxygen and poor in carbon dioxide.
- The capillaries merge to form a vein. The vein brings blood towards the heart from the lungs. Blood passes through the heart the second time.
- The heart pumps blood through arteries. The arteries carry the blood away from the heart to the rest of the body.
- The arteries branch into fine capillaries. This increases the exposed surface areas so that the exchange of substances can take place faster between the bloodstream and the body cells. Oxygen leaves the blood and moves into the body cells. Carbon dioxide leaves the body cells and enters the blood.
- The capillaries merge to form veins. Veins carry blood rich in carbon dioxide and poor in oxygen towards the heart from the rest of the body. When blood returns to the heart, it has completed one complete circulation in our body.
-
