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ECOLOGISM - To what extent do ecologists have concerns over economic…
ECOLOGISM - To what extent do ecologists have concerns
over economic growth?
PARA ONE: All ecologists are concerned about consumerism and materialism
All ecologists are concerned about the effects of consumerism and materialism on the environment.
Specifically, Carolyn Merchant, an ecofeminist, believed that the 'male world' was different from that of the female world, where economic growth and industrialism harms the environment
Merchant criticised the 'male world' for being synthetic.
Schumacher criticised the dependence that humanity has on finite energy resources. This has caused us to look at them as an 'income' that can be regularly topped up rather than as 'natural capital' that we are forced to live off.
PARA TWO: Some ecologists believe that there needs to be a reform of the system while other ecologists don't
Schumacher believed in 'bhuddist economics,' which encourages individuals to work together and develop skills, without the obsession of wealth generation.
Schumacher called this economics 'as if people mattered,' he believed in localism (where economic exchanges should benefit the local economy and community)
Bahro argued that the root cause of environmental crisis is capitalism. The natural world has been destroyed with industrialism as a result of capitalism's relentless search for profit
William Morris encouraged the virtues of small-craft communities living close to nature
Bookchin believed that capitalism is both exploitative to its workers and to the environment.
He criticised those (such as shallow ecologists) who believed that capitalism could be sustained for more ethical growth.
'Capitalism can be no more persuaded to limit growth than a human can be persuaded to stop breathing'
Bookchin proposed the creation of small-scale communes based on common ownership and egalitarianism
Ecosocialism - Wealth owned in the common will be used for the interests of all and benefit humanity in the long-run.
Shallow ecologists believe in the features of Green Capitalism where...
the assumption that the market mechanism can and will respond to pressure from ecologically aware consumers by forcing firms to produce environmentally sound goods
linked to the idea that long-term corporate profitability can only be achieved in a context of sustainable development
PARA THREE:
All ecologists are concerned about economic growth as they believe consumerism and materialism are unsustainable and harmful to the environment. All ecologists argue against current social structures based on consumerism and unlimited growth which doesn't take sustainability into account but they disagree whether reform or revolution is needed, whether or not limits can be imposed on capitalism, and whether or not degrowth is necessary