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Unit 4 - Coggle Diagram
Unit 4
psychology of social situations
Social Norms (how people should behave in a society)
Social Influence Theory (Influence from people)
Normative Social Influence (Conforming to be liked)
Informational Social Influence (Conforming for accuracy)
Conformity (Following others)
Compliance (Following rules)
Obedience (authority)
Group Polarization (Extreme views)
Groupthink (Poor decision-making, maintain harmony)
Social Facilitation (Improved with audience)
Social Loafing (reduced effort in groups)
Deindividuation (losing self-awareness)
Social-Cognitive and Trait Theories of Personality
Reciprocal Determinism (Behavior ↔ Environment ↔ Person)
Self-Concept → How you see yourself
Self-Esteem → How much you value yourself
Self-Efficacy → Belief in your abilities
The Spotlight Effect (Overestimated attention)
The "Big Five"
Openness → Curious / imaginative
Conscientiousness → Organized / responsible
Extraversion → Outgoing / energetic
Agreeableness → Friendly / cooperative
Neuroticism → Anxious / emotional
psychodynamic and humanistic theories of personality
Psychodynamic Personality Theory
Id (Pleasure-seeking)
Ego (Reality / Decision-maker)
Superego (Morals)
defence mechanism
displacement (shifiting emotions)
projection (attribute feelings to others)
rationalization (justify behavior)
reaction formation (acting opposite)
regression (baby steps)
sublimation (transferring unacceptable impulses to acitivties)
humanistic theory (focus on growth)
needs, free will, self-determination, and conscious experiences
Attribution theory and person perception
attribution theory: how we explain the causes of behavior
dispositional (personal) and situational (outside) attribution
permanence (time), Pervasiveness (generalize), and personalization
Fundamental Attribution Error (↑dispositional, ↓situational)
Actor-Observer Bias (our→situational, others→dispositional)
self-serving bias (good→me, bad→others)
person perception: How we perceive others influences our interactions and relationships.
Mere Exposure Effect (↑familiar with something, ↑like it)
Self-Fulfilling Prophecy (belief/exceptation→it changes behavior→it comes true→strengthens the belif)
Social Comparison Theory: compare to others. (upward→better than us, downward→worse than us)
Relative Deprivation: we’re worse off compared to others
attitude formation and attitude change
attitude: how you feel, what you believe, and how you tend to act.
stereotype (oversimplified, generalized)
prejudice (negative attitude before knowing others)
discrimination (Unfair action or treatment)
implicit attitude (unaware attitude that can influence our behavior)
social identity
ingroup bias (like people in "ingroup" more)
Out-Group Homogeneity Bias (people in the "outgroup" is the same)
Ethnocentrism (Judging others by your culture)
Belief Perseverance (ignoring new evidence if you strong have a belief)
Cognitive Dissonance (conflict btween thoughts and behavior)