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HEAD & NECK & ORAL LESIONS - Coggle Diagram
HEAD & NECK & ORAL LESIONS
VARIATIONS OF NORMAL
WHITE COLORED
Linea Alba
Leukoedema
White Spone Nevus
PROMINENCES/ENLARGEMENTS
BONE-RELATED
BUCCAL
Exostoses
LINGUAL
Mandibular Tori
Torus Palatinus
TISSUE-RELATED
Retrocuspid Papilla
DARK COLORED
Thrombus
TUMOR
FAT CELL RELATED
Lipoma
FIBROUS TISSUE RELATED
Fibroma
TONGUE-RELATED
VENTRAL SURFACE
DARK COLORED
Lingual Varicosities
DORSAL SURFACE
ASSOCIATED W/ CANDIDIASIS
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
HYPERKERATOSIS
FILIFORM PAPILLAE
SMOKING-RELATED
Hairy Tongue
FUNGIFORM PAPILLAE
Transient Lingual Papillitis
Geographic Tongue
Fissured Tongue
DARK COLORED
Varix
Melanin Pigmentation
Intra-oral Mole/Nevi
YELLOW COLORED
Fordyce Granules
HYPERSENSITIVITY/ALLERGY
TYPE 1/ IgE
ANAPHYLACTIC
Systemic
ATOPIC
Skin, Asthma, Upper Respiratory, Hay Fever
Contact Mucositis/Dermatitis
Urticaria/Hives
Pruritus/Itchiness Likely
Angioedema
TYPE 2/IgG & IgM
CYTOTOXIC
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
TYPE 3
IMMUNE COMPLEX TYPE
Lupus
"Butterfly Rash"
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Fixed Drug Eruptions
Lesions appear in same site each time drug is used
Can be single or multiple, slightly raised, red patches or clusters of macules on the skin or in mucous membranes
May experience pain or pruritus
TYPE 4
CELL-MEDIATED
Organ Transplant Rejection
Plasma Cell Gingivitis/ Allergic Gingivostomatis
edematous
erythematous
associated with allergic responses to substances like mouthwash, toothpastes, gum, flavoring agents, etc.
occasionally experience cheilitis
IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
PRIMARY
IgA Deficiency
Bruton Disease
Thymic Hypoplasia
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency
Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency
SECONDARY
Occur as a result of an underlying disorder from immunosuppressive drugs
DISORDERS W/ ACCOMPANYING IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
Malnutrition
Renal Diseases
HIV INFECTION
LESIONS ASSOCIATED W/ HIV/AIDS
Candidiasis/Thrush
Herpes Simplex Infection
Ulcer on mucosa for more than 1 month
Herpes Zoster/Shingles
Red, sometimes crusted lesion that follows the trigeminal nerve
Hairy Leukoplakia
Lateral Side of Tongue
White
Human Papilloma Virus
Raised
Normal Color or Erythematous
Kaposi Sarcoma
Found on Palate and Gingiva
Lymphoma
Malignant
Non-Ulcerated or Ulcerated, Necrotic Mass
Gingival & Periodontal Disease
Linear Gingival Erythema
Spontaneous Bleeding
Petechiae-like lesions on attached gingiva/alveolar mucosa
Bandlike erythema of gingiva that DOES NOT respond to therapy
Independent from oral hygiene status
Necrotizing Periodontitis (NP)
Intense Erythema
RAPID Bone Loss
Necrotizing Stomatitis (NS)
Same as NP, but have extensive focal areas of bone loss along with features of NP
Aphthous Ulcers
Salivary Gland Disease
Sialadenitis
NEOPLASMS
MALIGNANT
Basal Cell Carcinoma
Most Common Skin Cancer
Painless nodule w/ raised pearly borders and depressed, ulcerated, crusted center; may be pigmented or flat scar like
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Painless, nonhealing, rough, erythematic, scaly papule; may be itchy; w/ enlargement becomes ulcerated, crusted, and bleeds
Occurs in Actinic Keratosis Lesions and Scars from Discoid Lupus Erythematosus
Melanoma
Causes most deaths from skin cancer, but most rare form of skin cancer
Very rare in oral cavity
Red
ORAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH DISORDERS
COMMON DISORDERS
Zika Virus
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
Torch Syndrome
Down Syndrome
Klinefelter Syndrome
Turner Syndrome
INHERITED DISORDERS
Marfan Syndrome
Cleidocranial Dysplasia
Treacher Collins
Ehlers-Danlos
Gingival Fibromatosis
Cherubism
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Gardner Syndrome
Cyclic Neutropenia
Cleft Lip & Palate
Amelogenesis Imperfecta
Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
Dentin Dysplasia
Pegged or Absent Laterals
Taurodontism
ENDOCRINE DISORDERS
PITUITARY GLAND/ GROWTH HORMONE
Hyperpituitarism
Giantism
Acromegaly
THYROID GLAND/ METABOLISM
Hyperthyroidism (Grave disease)
Hypothyroidism
Cretinism
Myxedema
PARATHYROID GLAND/ CALCIUM
Hyperparathyroidism
Hypoparathyroidism
HYPOTHALAMUS/ ACTIVATES PITUTARY GLAND
Diabetes insipidus
PANCREAS/COVERTS FOOD INTO FUEL
Diabetes mellitus
ADRENAL GLANDS/PRODUCE HORMONES FOR METABOLISM, IMMUNE SYSTEM, BLOOD PRESSURE, & RESPONSE TO STRESS
Addison disease
Cushing syndrome
BLOOD DISORDERS
RBC DISORDERS
Hypochomic Anemia
Thalessemia
Megaloblastic Anemia
Sickle Cell Disease
Aplastic Anemia
Polychythemia
WBC DISORDERS
Neutopenia
Lymphoma
Leukemia
Multiple Myeloma
PLATELET DISORDERS
Hemophilia A & B
Von Willebrand Disease
GI DISORDERS
Dysphagia
GERD
Crohn Disease
Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome
Celiac Disease
NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Bell Palsy
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Migraine
BMS
SKELETAL DISORDERS
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Osteoporosis
MRONJ
Paget Disease
Fibrous Dysplasia
TMD
TONGUE- ASSOCIATED
Ankyloglossia
SOFT-TISSUE ASSOCIATED
Commissural Lip Pits
Double Lip
ENLARGEMENTS/MASSES
Lingual Thyroid
TEETH-ASSOCIATED
TRAUMA RELATED
Attrition
NUMBER RELATED
Anodontia: Complete LACK of teeth
Hypodontia: LACK of 1 or more teeth
Mx and Md 3rd Molars
Mx Lat Incisors
Md 2nd Premolars
Supernumerary Teeth
Mesiodens is most common
Distomolar is 2nd most common
SIZE RELATED
Microdontia: 1 or more teeth smaller than normal
Mx Lat. Incisors
Mx 3rd Molars
Common in individuals with Down Syndrome and Pituitary Dwarfism
Macrodontia: 1 or more teeth are larger than normal
Associated with Pituitary Dwarfism
SHAPE RELATED
Gemination
Fusion
Hypercementosis
Concrescence
Dilaceration
Enamel Pearl
Talon Cusp
Taurodontism
Dens Invaginatus
Dens Evanginatus
Supernumerary Roots
Enamel Hypoplasia
Enamel Hypocalcification
Endogenous Staining
Regional Odontodysplasia
ERUPTION RELATED
Impacted Teeth
Ankylosed Teeth
ULCERATIVE LESIONS
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Traumatic & Iatrogenic Ulcers
Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
INFECTIOUS AGENTS
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
Actinomycosis
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (NUG)
Deep Fungal Infections
IMMUNE SYSTEM
Aphthous Ulcers
Nonkeratinized tissue
Single lesions
Larger lesions with yellow center and a halo appearance
May or may not be painful
Behcet Syndrome
Reiter Syndrome
Erythema Multiforme
Hypersensitivity
Lupus Erythematous
Crohn Disease
VESICULAR LESIONS
TRAUMATIC/IATROGENIC
Mucocele
Ranula
INFECTIOUS/VIRAL
Herpes Simplex
Type 1: Oral Infections
Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatis
Recurrent Oral Herpes
Keratinized tissue
Multiple Vesicles
Usually appear in groups or small lesions
Painful
Type 1: Genital Infections
VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS HHV TYPE 3
CHILDREN
Chickenpox
ADULTS
Shingles
COXSACKIE ENTEROVIRUS
HERPANGINA
Throat infections affecting tonsils and soft palate that resolves in 1 week w/out tx
HAND-FOOT & MOUTH
Occurs in children younger than 5 and appears as multiple macules or papules on skin that resolve in 2 weeks w/out tx
ACUTE LYMPHONODULAR PHARYNGITIS
Hyperplastic lymphoid tissue of the soft palate or tonsillar pillars that appears as yellowish or dark pink nodules and lasts several days to 2 weeks and does not usually require treatment
MEASLES
RUBELLA
"German Measles"
NONINFECTIOUS
PEMPHIHUS VULGARIS
Autoimmune
Mediterranean and Ashkenazi Jew Decent
Bullae over 1 cm & Nikolsky Sign
PEMPHIGOID
MUCOUS MEMBRANE TYPE
"Desquamative Gingivitis"
80%
Erythematous, shiny, red, friable tissue
Elderly
Autoimmune
BULLOUS TYPE
Autoimmune
Usually affects skin first
Similar to Mucous Membrane Type
CONGENITAL & GENETIC DISEASES
EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA
Type 1: Simplex
Type 2: Junctional
Type 3: Dystrophic
Type 4: Mixed (Kindler Syndrome)
"Mitten-like Scarring"
Blisters, vesicles, bullae, and painful erythematous or ulcerative lesions
EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA ACQUISITA
Associated with Lupus (SLE), Crohn Disease, Diabetes, Myasthenia gravis, and RA
Autoimmune
Adults
RED & PURPLE LESIONS
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Pyogenic Granuloma
Starts red, then turns pink or yellow as it becomes more fibrous
Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma
On gingiva or edentulous ridge
1-2MM
Petechiae
Less than 1CM
Purpura
More than 1CM
Ecchymoses
INFECTION
Angular Cheilitis
NEOPLASM/TUMORS
Erythroplakia
VASCULAR
Hemangioma
"Strawberry Nevus"
Lymphangioma
Uncommon, but usually found on tongue when seen
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia
MORE WHITE LESIONS
TRAUMATIC & INFLAMMATORY
Frictional Keratosis
Cheek Chewing
SMOKING RELATED
Nicotine Stomatitis
Chemical & Thermal Burns
INFECTIONS
Candidiasis
Parulis
Lichen Planus
Types
Erosive
Atrophic
Bullous
Reticular
Papular
Plaque
Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Accumulation of collagen
PIGMENTED LESIONS
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Ethnic Tattoo
Amalgam Tattoo
METAL PIGMENTATION
Titanium Tattoos
Intentional Tattoo
Heavy Metal Pigmentations
PIGMENTATION ASSOCIATED W/ DRUGS
Minocycline Stain
AZT Pigmentation
Tobacco-associated Melanosis
Betel Quid
Toombak
CONGENITAL/GENETIC DISORDERS
Nevus
Pigmented Macule/Lentigines
DISEASE-ASSOCIATED MELANOSIS
Laugier-Hunziker Syndrome
RAISED LESIONS
INFECTIONS
Oral Squamous Papilloma
On Soft Palate or Labial Mucosa
HPV 6 & 11
Verruca Vulgaris
HPV 2 & 4
In Keratinized Areas
Condyloma Acuminatum
HPV 6, 11, 16, & 18
Multiple flat, pinkish, exophytic growths with sessile bases and rough cauliflower-like surfaces
Focal Epithelium Hyperplasia
HPV 13 & 32
"Heck Disease"
INFLAMMATORY/REACTIVE
Papillary Hyperplasia
Usually caused from denture use
Appears pink or bright red, on palatal mucosa
PREMALIGNANT
Keratoacanthoma
Found on Lower Lip
"DOME"
Verrucous Carcinoma
Usually caused by spit-tobacco use
Oral Cancer
RADIOGRAPHIC LESIONS
RADIOPAQUE
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Sclerosing Osteomyelitis
Focal/Condensing Type
Small Area
Md Molar Region
Diffuse Type
Wide Area
Md Region
NEOPLASMS & TUMORS
Cementoblastoma
Odontoma
Compound
Small Toothlike Structures
Ant Mx
Complex
Collection of Multiple Structures
Post Md
Osteoma
Periosteal
On/around surface of bone
Endosteal
Occurring in bone
Osteoporosis
OTHER RADIOGRPAHIC ENTITIES
Carotid Artery Calcification
Lymph Node Calcification
Sialolith
RADIOLUCENT
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Periapical granuloma
Radicular cyst
Most Common Cyst
Non-Vital Tooth
Aneurysmal bone cyst
"Soap Bubble"
Traumatic bone cyst
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (Cementoma)
Periapical Type
Md Ant, Black Women
Focal Type
Post Md, White Females
Florid Type
Middle- Aged Black & Asian Women
DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
Lateral periodontal cysts
Dentigerous cyst
Eruption cyst
Variant of Dentigerous Cyst
Odontogenic keratocyst
Calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin Cyst)
"Ghost Cells"
Glandular odontogenic cyst
Nasopalatine duct cyst
Median palatine cyst
Static bone cyst (Stafne Defect)
NEOPLASMS
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor
Odontogenic myxoma
Ameloblastic fibroma
Langerhans cell disease
SOFT TISSUE ENLARGEMENTS
TRAUMATIC/INFLAMMATORY
Traumatic Neuroma
small, firm, painful nodule
Fibroma
Associated w/ patients with Cowden Syndrome
Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma
Find ONLY on gingiva
Generalized Gingival Hyperplasia
Caused by build-up of biofilm and calculus
Lymphoid Hyperplasia
Proliferation of lymph cells w/in lymph tissues
Sarcoidosis
Granulomas appear in affected tissues/organs
Common in Blac Females
Ranula
Swelling in the floor of the mouth
"Frog's Belly"
INFECTIONS
Mumps
Patients experience fever, parotid gland swelling, and malaise
Bacterial Sialadenitis
Salivary gland infection
IMMUNE SYSTEM DISORDER
Sjogren Syndrome
Autoimmune
NEOPLASMS
SALIVARY GLAND NEOPLASMS
Pleomorphic Adenoma
Frey Syndrome
Warthin tumor
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
Acinic Cell Carcinoma
Polymorphous Low-Grade Adenosarcoma
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
GENETIC/CONGENITAL NEOPLASMS
Neurofibromatosis
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome (MEN 2B)
Lymphangioma
Cervical Lymphoepithelial Cyst
Thyroglossal Tract Cyst
Dermoid Cyst
Fibromatosis
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant tumor of fibroblasts
Neurilemoma
Proliferation of Schwann Cells on tongue
Neurofibroma
Associated w/ Von Reckinghausen Disease
Leiomyoma
Smooth Muscle, Benign Tumor
Rhabdomyoma
Striated Muscle Benign Tumor
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Striated Muscle Malignant Tumor
Lipoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Smooth Muscle Malignant Tumor
HARD TISSUE ENLARGEMENTS
INFECTIONS
Chronic Osteomyelitis w/ Proliferative Periostitis
NEOPLASMS
Ameloblastoma
Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Tumor (Pindburg)
Multilocular, RL, encapsulated
Ossifying Fibroma
Central Giant Cell Granuloma
Penetrates through cortical bone and appears as a blue/purple nodule
Osteosarcoma
Malignant
Chondrosarcoma
Malignant
Ewing Sarcoma