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Thyroid Pathology, image, JONATHAN EDISON CAIZA BENAVIDES, 7th "…
Thyroid Pathology
Pathophysiology
Structural Changes
Tumors
malignant
Benign
Thyroid nodules
Goiter (thyroid enlargement)
Autoimmune Mechanisms
Graves’ disease
TSH-receptor–stimulating antibodies
hyperthyroidism.
Hashimoto thyroiditis
autoimmune destruction
hypothyroidism.
Hormonal Dysfunction
Hypothyroidism
decreased T3/T4
slowed metabolic activity.
Hyperthyroidism
excess T3/T4
increased metabolic activity
Classification
By Functional Status
Hypothyroidism
Primary
thyroid gland dysfunction
Secondary
pituitary failure to produce TSH
Tertiary
hypothalamic dysfunction
Hyperthyroidism
Toxic adenoma
Toxic multinodular goiter
Graves’ disease
By Structural Abnormality
Goiter
Thyroid nodules
Thyroid cancer
Follicular
Medullary
Papillary
Anaplastic
By Etiology
thyroiditis
Iodine deficiency
Autoimmune
Neoplastic
Signs and Symptoms
Hyperthyroidism
Heat intolerance
Tremor, anxiety
Tachycardia / palpitations
Diarrhea
Weight loss
Excessive sweating
Exophthalmos (Graves)
Hypothyroidism
Dry skin
Bradycardia
Cold intolerance
Depression
Weight gain
Constipation
Fatigue
Nodular Disease / Goiter
Hoarseness or voice changes
Dysphagia or dyspnea
Palpable neck mass
Definition
includes all disorders affecting the thyroid gland
abnormalities in size, structure, or hormone production (T3 and T4).
Diagnostic
Tests
Free T3 and Free T4
Thyroid ultrasound
TSH
primary screening test
Thyroid autoantibodies
Anti-TPO (Hashimoto)
TRAb (Graves)
Thyroid scintigraphy
Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Thyroglobulin
Definitive Diagnosis
Hyperthyroidism
Graves’ disease
Hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Thyroid cancer
Nodular diseas
Treatment
Hyperthyroidism
Radioactive iodine ablation
Beta-blockers
Antithyroid drugs
methimazole
propylthiouracil
Thyroidectomy in selected cases
Hypothyroidism
Levothyroxine
JONATHAN EDISON CAIZA BENAVIDES
7th "A"
