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Macro and Micro Structure of the Oral Cavity - Coggle Diagram
Macro and Micro Structure of the Oral Cavity
Medinna Rasha - 2506557816
Anatomical Structure of the Tongue and Muscles
Tongue is skeletal muscle-covered mucosa, divided by median septum
Attached inferiorly to hyoid bone, styloid process, mandible
Extrinsic muscles: genioglossus (protracts/depresses), hyoglossus (depresses), styloglossus, palatoglossus (retracts/elevates tongue).
Intrinsic muscles change tongue shape: superior/inferior longitudinal, transverse, vertical.
Anatomical Structures at the External Surrounding of Oral Cavity
Lips have external skin (keratinized epithelium with hair follicles, sebaceous, sweat glands).
Vermilion border (red zone) is a transitional area with thin epithelium and rich blood supply.
Inner lip mucosa is non-keratinized, moist, with minor salivary glands.
Surrounding structure: philtrum, cupid’s bow, nasolabial fold, labial commissures, buccal region (cheek with buccinator muscle and parotid papilla), mentolabial sulcus, and mental region (chin).
Two Regions of the Oral Cavity, Borders, and Anatomical Structures
Oral cavity divided into vestibule (between lips/cheeks and teeth) and oral cavity proper (inside dental arches).
Borders: lips and cheeks externally, palatoglossal fold and soft palate posteriorly.
Contains salivary gland openings, tongue on the floor, palate superiorly, and continuous with oropharynx posteriorly.
Tongue Papillae: Function, Microscopic Structure, and Distribution
Papillae types: filiform (mechanical, keratinized, no taste buds), fungiform (taste buds, mushroom-shaped), vallate (bitter taste, large with taste buds), foliate (taste buds, lateral tongue).
Papillae covered by stratified squamous epithelium; some contain taste buds.
Located primarily on dorsal tongue surface.
Microscopic Structure of Salivary Glands
Major glands: parotid (serous), submandibular (mixed), sublingual (mostly mucous).
Composed of lobes > lobules > secretory acini (serous or mucous cells).
Duct system includes intercalated, striated, and excretory ducts.
Minor salivary glands throughout oral mucosa secrete mucous or serous components
Classification and Microscopic Structure of Oral Mucosa
Masticatory mucosa: keratinized epithelium on gingiva and hard palate; withstands friction.
Lining mucosa: non-keratinized epithelium on cheeks, lips, floor of mouth.
Specialized mucosa: mixed keratinization on dorsal tongue with papillae and taste buds.
Lamina propria with connective tissue supports epithelium; submucosa varies by region.
Microscopic Structure of Oral Submucosa
Loose connective tissue with collagen, elastic fibers.
Contains blood vessels, nerves, minor salivary glands.
Provides flexibility and cushioning.
Microscopic Structure of Dental Tissue
Enamel: hardest, highly mineralized composed of enamel rods; acellular, no regeneration.
Dentin: less mineralized with collagen; contains tubules housing odontoblast processes.
Pulp: soft connective tissue with nerves, blood vessels, fibroblasts; supports dentin formation.
Microscopic Structure of Tooth Supporting Tissue
PDL: fibrous connective tissue attaching cementum to alveolar bone, rich in collagen fibers, vascularized.
Cementum: mineralized tissue covering root; acellular and cellular types; anchors PDL fibers.
Gingiva: keratinized stratified epithelium with underlying connective tissue; protects teeth.
Alveolar bone: mineralized bone lining tooth socket, remodels with mechanical stress.
Composition, Properties and Function of Dental Tissue
Enamel: inorganic crystals, provides hard protective layer.
Dentin: organic and inorganic matrix, elastic, protects pulp, transmits sensations.
Pulp: vascularized and innervated soft tissue, vital for tooth nutrition, sensation, repair
Composition, Properties and Functions of Tooth Supporting Tissue
PDL: collagen-rich, shock absorber, sensory organ, maintains tooth position.
Cementum: mineralized surface for PDL attachment, limited repair ability.
Gingiva: barrier against mechanical and microbial insult, maintains healthy tooth environment.
Alveolar bone: supports tooth socket, adapts to mechanical loading.
Vascular and Lymphatic Networks in Dental and Supporting Tissue
Enamel lacks blood vessels and lymphatics.
Dentin nourished via tubules from pulp.
Pulp highly vascularized and innervated.
PDL and gingiva rich in vascular and lymphatic networks draining to regional lymph nodes.
Alveolar bone contains blood vessels supporting remodeling and tooth support
Clinical Implications of Enamel and Dentin-Pulp Complex Structure
Enamel non-regenerative; prevention and protection vital.
Dentin tubules explain sensitivity and guide restorative techniques.
Pulp health critical for diagnosis and treatment of dental diseases.
Understanding structure aids in managing caries progression and restorative dentistry