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geography mock revision - Coggle Diagram
geography mock revision
urbanisation
wheres urbanisation happening? Urbanisation is happening all over the world but mostly in LICs and NEEs rates are much faster than HICs. This is mostly because of the rapid economic growth they are experiencing.
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push factors: Natural disasters, war and conflict, mechanisation, drought, lack of employment,
pull factors - more jobs, better education and healthcare, increased quality of life, following family members.
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increase in birth rate (BR) - high percentage of population are child-bearing age which leads up to high fertility rate, lack of contraception or education about family planning.
lower death rate - higher life expectancy due to better living conditions and diet, improved medical facilities helps lower infant mortality rate.
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more than two thirds of current megacities are located in either NEEs (Brazil) and LICs (Nigeria). the amount of megacities are predicted to increase from 28 to 41 by 2030.
sustainable urban living
sustainable urban living means being able to live in cities in ways that do not pollute the environment and using resources in ways that ensure future generations also can use them.
water conservation - this is about reducing the amount of water used. collecting rainwater for gardens and flushing toilets. installing water meters and toilets that flush less water, educating people on using less water.
energy conservation - using less fossil fuels can reduce the rate of climate change. - prompting renewable energy sources. - making homes more energy efficient, encouraging people to use energy.
creating green space - creating green spaces in urban areas can improve places for people who want to live there.
- provide natural cooler areas for people to relax in.
- encourages people to exercise.
- reduces the risk of flooding from surface runoff.
waste recycling - more recycling means fewer resources are used. Less waste reduces the amount that eventually goes to landfill.
- collection of household waste.
- more local recycling facilities.
- greater awareness of the benefits in recycling.
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instegated transport - This is the linking of different forms of public and private transport within a city and the surrounding area, making it easier to get around.
sustainable stratagies
Over 40% of Freiburg's energy needs are met through renewable sources, primarily solar energy. The city has one of the highest solar energy production rates in Germany.
Public Transport Usage: About 40% of residents use public transportation regularly, and the city has an extensive network of trams and buses, significantly reducing reliance on cars.
Sustainable Housing: The Vauban district, a model for sustainable living, has 1,200 homes, many designed to be energy-efficient and environmentally friendly, with a focus on low-energy construction.
Waste Management: Freiburg has a recycling rate of about 70%, supported by comprehensive waste separation and management programs that encourage sustainable practices among residents.
Brownfield site - Brownfield sites is an area of land or premises that has been previously used, but has subsequently become vacant, derelict or contaminated.
traffic management
Urban areas are busy places with many people travelling by different modes of transport. This has caused urban areas to experience different traffic congestion that can lead to various problems.
environmental problems - Traffic increases air pollution which releases greenhouse gases that is leading to climate change.
economic problems - Congestion can make people late for work and business deliveries take longer. This can cause companies to loose money.
social problems - There is a greater risk of accidents and congestion is a cause of frustration. Traffic can also lead to health issues for pedestrians.
congestion solutions -
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Have public transport, cycle lanes & cycle hire schemes.
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traffic management example - freiburg - Bicycle Infrastructure: Freiburg boasts around 500 kilometers of cycling paths, with about 30% of residents commuting by bike, making it one of the most bike-friendly cities in Germany.
green belt area - This is a zone of land surrounding a city where new building is strictly controlled to try to prevent cities growing too much and too fast.
urban regeneration - The investment in the revival of old, urban areas by either improving what is there or clearing it away and rebuilding.