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Overview of Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Overview of Immune System
Immunity Basics
Two main types: innate & adaptive
Immunity = ability to fight disease
Susceptibility = lack of resistance
Chemical Defenses
Plasma proteins: complement, cytokines, clotting pathogens
Complement system outcomes: opsonization, inflammation, chemotaxis, cytolysis
Antimicrobial peptides (defensins, cathelicidin) disrupt pathogens
B Cells & Antibodies
Memory B cells for long-term protection
Major antibody actions: neutralization, agglutination, osponization, complement activation
B Cells → plasma cells making antibodies
5 lg classes: lgG, lgM, lgA, lgD, lgE
T Cells
Cytotoxic T cells (CD8) → kill infected/ cancer cells via apoptosis
Tregs → reduce immune response/ inflammation
Helper T cells (CD4) → activate immune cells
Innate Immunity
Second line: phagocytes, inflammation, fever, antimicrobial substances
First line of defense: skin, mucous mem, microbiota
Immediate, no memory, broad defense
Adaptive Immunity
Two branches: Humoral (B) & cell-mediated (T)
Based on antigen exposure → stronger secondary response
Slower, memory, specific pathogen targeting
Antigen Recognition
Present antigens using MHC molecules
TCR binds antigen → activates T cell response
Requires APCs (macrophages, B cells, dendritic cells)
Cellular Defenses
Agranulocytes: monocytes →macrophages; lymphocytes
neutrophils= phagocytes, lymphocytes = adaptive immunity)
Granulocytes: monocytes → neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
Outcomes of Adaptive Immunity
Humoral → neutralizes pathogens in fluids
Leads to faster recovery response (boosted lgG levels)
Cell-mediated → destroys infected host cells
Physical Defenses
Microbe protection
Barriers: skin, mucous, mechanical removal