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genetics - Coggle Diagram
genetics
3 principles
dominance-- each individual has a unique genotype, phenotypes are made up of these aelles, could be heterozygote--has a dominant and recessive alelle, could also be a homozygote-- where the individuall has two dominant alleles
segregation-- alelles are segregated, seperated from one another during meiosis, offspring inherit 2 allelesfor a genes one from each parent, during meiosis 2-- 2 members of a gene pair seperate from each other and each gamete has a equal chance to inherit either one of the genes
independent assortment--gene pairs that are not related segregate independently, gene pairs that are not linked segregate independently,
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diploid individual-- each chromosomes has a partner, and each is from a different parent, this determines the genetic characteristics
independent assortment-- during metaphase 1-- orientation of bivalents is random, during metaphase 2-- orientation of sister chromatids is random
crossing over-- happens during prophase 1, and it mixes the genes present in homologous individuals 
linkage -- 4 haploid genotypes, not produced in equal numbers, recombinants less abundant, parentials more abundent
pleiotrophy-- single gene with multiple effects on the phenotype, inheritance of a single gene which visibly influences several traits
polyploidy-- having more than 2 copies of a chromosome, autopolyploid--failed meiosis, and self fertalization, allopolyploid-- meiotic error, mismatch during mating, second mating creates matched pairs
epistasis-- one gene interacts with one another